Biowert Terrace Flooring. Extruded plastic wood composite (PWC) decking produced with AgriPlast by Biowert. This material is made up of polypropylene (PP) mixed with up to 75% cellulose fibres obtained from meadow grass.
Relevant materials
Grass, Fibre, strand Polypropylene (PP), PP, Plastic, General purpose
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Architecture, Bio-based composite, Cladding, Extrusion, Flax, Floor, Furniture, Grass, Plant, Plastic, Polypropylene (PP), Product, Prototype
The steel trusses supporting Gatwick Airport's new station concourse are clad in gold anodised aluminium.
Relevant materials
Aluminium, AlMnMg, 3000 series, 3004 (3104 & 3105) Carbon steel, 1004-1030, Low carbon, Mild steel
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Airport, Aluminium, Anodised, Architecture, Cladding, Interior, Metal, Perforate, Public, Steel
The Wave in Vejle, Denmark, by Henning Larsen Architects, completed 2019. The outside weather barrier is formed from Tonality extruded clay cladding, which from a distance looks like a continuous white sheet.
Relevant materials
Brick, Extruded
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Architecture, Brick, Ceramic, Cladding, Clay, Extrusion, Moulded ceramic, Public
The Wave in Vejle, Denmark, by Henning Larsen Architects, completed 2019. The outside weather barrier is formed from Tonality extruded clay cladding, which from a distance looks like a continuous white sheet.
Relevant materials
Brick, Extruded
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Architecture, Brick, Ceramic, Cladding, Clay, Extrusion, Moulded ceramic, Public
Cityring Metro Station, Copenhagen, by Arup, featuring glazed ceramic tile wall cladding. The monochrome glazed tile by Moeding featured here is available in lengths up to 3 m and heights up to 1 m, and a range of colours. This product appears in seven of the 17 new metro stations.
Relevant materials
Brick, Extruded
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Architecture, Ceramic, Cladding, Clay, Extrusion, Glazed ceramic, Interior, Moulded ceramic, Public
Cityring Metro Station, Copenhagen, by Arup, featuring glazed ceramic tile wall cladding. The monochrome glazed tile by Moeding featured here is available in lengths up to 3 m and heights up to 1 m, and a range of colours. This product appears in seven of the 17 new metro stations.
Relevant materials
Brick, Extruded
More
Architecture, Ceramic, Cladding, Clay, Extrusion, Glazed ceramic, Interior, Moulded ceramic, Public
Cityring Central Station, Copenhagen, by Arup, featuring glazed ceramic tile wall cladding and cast reinforced concrete beams. The Longoton brick tile by Moeding featured here is available in lengths up to 3 m and heights up to 1 m, and a range of brick colours and glazes. This product appears in seven of the 17 new metro stations.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, RC, Reinforced concrete, Ordinary, prestressed or post-tensioned Brick, Extruded
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Architecture, Cement Concrete, Ceramic, Cladding, Clay, Extrusion, Glazed ceramic, Interior, Moulded ceramic, Public, Reinforced concrete
TRÆ in Aarhus, Denmark, is built in part from reused construction waste. Designed by Lendager Architects for Kilden & Hindby and PFA Ejendomme, in collaboration with MOE Consulting Engineers and Kaj Ove Madsen, Aarhus Municipality and Realdania, it is due to be completed 2024. Reuse and recycling innovations in the facade include the use of decommissioned composite wind turbine blades for solar shielding, aluminium roof plates for the facade, wooden cassettes, wood insulation, low-carbon concrete and insulation from waste textiles. The reused aluminium facade comes from two different renovation projects, where they had been discarded, plus water-damaged panels from a supplier. Standing 78 m high, the structure is steel, concrete and timber. All materials have been thoroughly tested so that they continue to meet the requirements and regulations.
Relevant materials
Aluminium, AlMnCu, 3000 series, 3003 Aluminium, AlMg, 5000 series, 5005 Cement & concrete, Low carbon cement, Green cement Engineered wood, CLT, Panel, Cross laminated timber
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Aluminium, Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Engineered wood, Metal, Public, Recycled, Wood
TRÆ in Aarhus, Denmark, is built in part from reused construction waste. Designed by Lendager Architects for Kilden & Hindby and PFA Ejendomme, in collaboration with MOE Consulting Engineers and Kaj Ove Madsen, Aarhus Municipality and Realdania, it is due to be completed 2024. Reuse and recycling innovations in the facade include the use of decommissioned composite wind turbine blades for solar shielding, aluminium roof plates for the facade, wooden cassettes, wood insulation, low-carbon concrete and insulation from waste textiles. The reused aluminium facade comes from two different renovation projects, where they had been discarded, plus water-damaged panels from a supplier. Standing 78 m high, the structure is steel, concrete and timber. All materials have been thoroughly tested so that they continue to meet the requirements and regulations.
Relevant materials
Aluminium, AlMnCu, 3000 series, 3003 Aluminium, AlMg, 5000 series, 5005 Cement & concrete, Low carbon cement, Green cement Engineered wood, CLT, Panel, Cross laminated timber
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Aluminium, Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Engineered wood, Metal, Public, Recycled, Wood
Villa Gitz by Lars Gitz Architects, completed 2020, on the island of Orø in Denmark, features a Rockpanel facade. The 9mm cladding panels are made with compressed recycled Rockwool, comprising basalt fibre and organic binder. Inherently flame retardant and very stable, the sheets are finished with a multi-layer water-based paint to provide durable colour and protection.
Relevant materials
Basalt, BF, Fibre
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Architecture, Basalt, Cladding, Paint, Recycled, Stone
Made of Air HexChar moulded cladding on the Audi dealership in Munich. Completed in 2021, this is the first time the product was installed on a building, providing a distinctive design and protection against the elements. While the matrix is UV resistant bio-based polymer, the additive is produced from biochar that is derived from waste wood biomass leftover from production. If the sequestered carbon of the wood is taken into account then this results in a carbon negative product. Image Made of Air.
Relevant materials
Polypropylene (PP), Bio-PP, Bio-based plastic Polyethylene (PE), Bio-PE, Bio-based plastic, Bio-based polyethylene
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Architecture, Audi, Bio-based composite, Bio-based plastic, Cladding, Injection moulded, Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Public, Recycled, Waste
Marmoreal by Max Lamb for Dzek is a terrazzo consisting of around 95% marble and 5% polyester resin binder. It is made with marble waste in large chunks. Rosso Verona, Giallo Mori, and Verde Alpi are the three Italian marbles featured. Bianco Verona is used to create the white-background version, and Grigio Carnico is used for the black-background version. Image Dzek.
Relevant materials
Marble, Slab Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), UPR, Resin
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Architecture, Cladding, Composite, Floor, Furniture, Interior, Kitchen, Marble, Plastic, Polyester resin, Stone, Tile
Statoil regional headquarters, Fornebu, Norway, completed 2012, designed by A-lab, features a steel and concrete superstructure, powder coated aluminium skinned composite panels (Etalbond made with 3105 sheet) with integrated insulation, triple-glazed windows and external sun protection
Relevant materials
Aluminium, AlMnMg, 3000 series, 3004 (3104 & 3105)
More
A-lab, Aluminium, Architecture, Cladding, Composite, Construction, Etalbond, Metal, Powder coat, Public
Vita Student Newcastle, UK, clad in sandstone and elZinc rhomboid shingles (manufactured by Asturiana de Laminados). Image SIG Zinc and Copper.
Relevant materials
Zinc, ZnCuTi, Rolled zinc alloy, Titanium zinc
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Architecture, Cladding, Metal, Patina, Sandstone, Stone, Zinc
The Stade de Soccer de Montreal was designed as a collaboration between Canadian studios Saucier + Perrotte and HCMA. It is clad in elZinc plate (slate finish) manufactured by Asturiana de Laminados. Image SIG Zinc and Copper.
Relevant materials
Zinc, ZnCuTi, Rolled zinc alloy, Titanium zinc
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Architecture, Cladding, Metal, Patina, Zinc
Rhomboidal zinc shingle cladding. Image SIG Zinc and Copper.
Relevant materials
Zinc, ZnCuTi, Rolled zinc alloy, Titanium zinc
More
Architecture, Cladding, Metal, Patina, Zinc
Lime Wharf in Hackney, London, completed 2014, designed by Stephen Davy Peter Smith Architects, featuring standing seam zinc cladding
Relevant materials
Zinc, ZnCuTi, Rolled zinc alloy, Titanium zinc
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Architecture, Cladding, Construction, Metal, Stephen Davy Peter Smith Architects, Zinc
The National Assembly for Wales (also known as the Senedd), by Richard Rogers, 2005. The main funnel (known as the Oriel) and ceiling are clad with western red cedar. Each panel consists of several strips held in place by concealed fixings. To accommodate the varying radius of the shape, each panel has a trapezoidal profile.
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Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Construction, Indoor air quality, Interior, Patina, Public, Richard Rogers, Western red cedar, Wood
Polymer concrete terrazzo with coloured marble shards.
Relevant materials
Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), PC, Polymer concrete
More
Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Epoxy, Floor, Interior, Plastic
Glass fibre reinforced polyester (UP-GF, GFRP) allows for the construction of large, sculptural elements on buildings. Structures like this are typically made with a framework in wood and metal, which is sprayed with glass fibres and polyester resin, finished and painted.
Relevant materials
Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), UPR, Resin
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Architecture, Art, Cladding, Composite, Construction, Plastic, Polyester resin
Earthic by Silestone (Cosentino) is a solid surface material for counter tops and cladding made with 30% recycled material. With a maximum of 10% silica, it contains recycled glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polyester, bio-based polyurethane resin (bio-PUR) and Dekton fragments (sintered stone). Additionally, it’s manufactured with 99% recycled water and 100% renewable energy.
Relevant materials
Thermoplastic polyester, rPET, Recycled, Polyethylene terephthalate Silica, Artificial stone, Engineered quartz Technical ceramic, Sintered stone, Dekton
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"Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Architecture, Ceramic, Cladding, Composite, Cosentino, Engineered quartz, Food contact, Interior, Kitchen, Marble, Recycled, Silica, Stone, Technical ceramic, Waste
Earthic by Silestone (Cosentino) is a solid surface material for counter tops and cladding made with 30% recycled material. With a maximum of 10% silica, it contains recycled glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polyester, bio-based polyurethane resin (bio-PUR) and Dekton fragments (sintered stone). Additionally, it’s manufactured with 99% recycled water and 100% renewable energy.
Relevant materials
Thermoplastic polyester, rPET, Recycled, Polyethylene terephthalate Silica, Artificial stone, Engineered quartz Technical ceramic, Sintered stone, Dekton
More
"Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Architecture, Ceramic, Cladding, Composite, Cosentino, Engineered quartz, Food contact, Interior, Kitchen, Marble, Recycled, Silica, Stone, Technical ceramic, Waste
Lumisty is a film with a specially textured surface that changes the transparency depending on the angle of view. Based on biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) polyester film, this kind of view control film is used in architecture laminated to glass, interiors, lighting and consumer electronics (privacy film on computer screens).
Relevant materials
Thermoplastic polyester, BOPET, Film, Biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate
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"Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Architecture, Cladding, Electronics product, Film, Glass, Interior, Plastic, Thermoplastic polyester, Transparent
Dekton sintered stone bathroom, with embedded faux marble print in an epoxy top layer. Produced by Cosentino.
Relevant materials
Technical ceramic, Sintered stone, Dekton
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Architecture, Ceramic, Cladding, Cosentino, Food contact, Graphics, Interior, Kitchen, Marble, Print, Stone, Technical ceramic
Dekton sintered stone countertop, with embedded faux marble print in an epoxy top layer. Produced by Cosentino.
Relevant materials
Technical ceramic, Sintered stone, Dekton
More
Architecture, Ceramic, Cladding, Cosentino, Food contact, Graphics, Interior, Kitchen, Marble, Print, Stone, Technical ceramic
Dekton sintered stone kitchen countertop, produced by Cosentino.
Relevant materials
Technical ceramic, Sintered stone, Dekton
More
Architecture, Ceramic, Cladding, Cosentino, Food contact, Graphics, Interior, Kitchen, Stone, Technical ceramic
Dekton sintered stone samples, with embedded faux marble print in an epoxy top layer. Produced by Cosentino.
Relevant materials
Technical ceramic, Sintered stone, Dekton
More
Architecture, Ceramic, Cladding, Cosentino, Food contact, Graphics, Interior, Kitchen, Marble, Print, Stone, Technical ceramic
Stainless steel wire mesh, type 304, used for architectural cladding, facades and fences, as well as interior room dividers and covers.
Relevant materials
Stainless steel, 304, Austenitic stainless steel
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Architecture, Cladding, Interior, Metal, Stainless steel, Steel, Technical textile, Weave
Chemically coloured and quilted stainless steel sheet, used in architectural cladding, interiors, signage, catering, luggage and furniture. Chemical colouring produces intense colours (interference) on the surface of stainless steel by enhancing the naturally occurring layer of chromium oxide.
Relevant materials
Stainless steel, 304, Austenitic stainless steel
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Cladding, Embossed, Interior, Metal, Pattern, Stainless steel, Steel
Chemically coloured and embossed stainless steel sheet, used in architectural cladding, interiors, signage, catering, luggage and furniture. Chemical colouring produces intense colours (interference) on the surface of stainless steel by enhancing the naturally occurring layer of chromium oxide.
Relevant materials
Stainless steel, 304, Austenitic stainless steel
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Cladding, Embossed, Interior, Metal, Pattern, Stainless steel, Steel
Polished, chemically coloured and selectively etched stainless steel sheet, used in architectural cladding, interiors, signage, catering, luggage and furniture. Chemical colouring produces intense colours (interference) on the surface of stainless steel by enhancing the naturally occurring layer of chromium oxide.
Relevant materials
Stainless steel, 304, Austenitic stainless steel
More
Chemical etched, Cladding, Graphics, Interior, Iridescent, Metal, Pattern, Stainless steel, Steel
Embossed, chemically coloured and selectively etched (pattern) stainless steel sheet, used in architectural cladding, interiors, signage, catering, luggage and furniture. Chemical colouring produces intense colours (interference) on the surface of stainless steel by enhancing the naturally occurring layer of chromium oxide.
Relevant materials
Stainless steel, 304, Austenitic stainless steel
More
Cladding, Embossed, Graphics, Interior, Iridescent, Metal, Pattern, Stainless steel, Steel
Embossed stainless steel sheet, used in architectural cladding, interiors, signage, catering, luggage and furniture.
Relevant materials
Stainless steel, 304, Austenitic stainless steel
More
Cladding, Embossed, Interior, Metal, Pattern, Stainless steel, Steel
Chemically coloured stainless steel, used on building facades and signage. The result of an electrochemical process, the colour is structural and so can flip depending on the thickness and angle of view. It is resistant to corrosion, enhancing the natural durability of stainless steel, and the range of colours includes red, green, blue, gold, bronze and black.
Relevant materials
Stainless steel, 304, Austenitic stainless steel
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Architecture, Cladding, Iridescent, Metal, Stainless steel, Steel
Yakisugi (焼杉), sometimes also known as shou sugi ban outside Japan, is a wood burning technique that has been used for centuries in Japan to extend the lifespan of wood in exterior applications. It was conceived before chemical treatments were available as a means of improving the longevity of wood by preventing decay, insect and mould infestation, while making planks more dimensionally stable and improving fire resistance. Typically used for siding and cladding on exteriors, the surface may be sealed and oiled for interior use, furniture and products.
Relevant materials
Spruce, Sawnwood kiln dried
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Architecture, Cladding, Furniture, Indoor air quality, Interior, Spruce, Wood, Yakisugi burnt wood
Superwood is spruce impregnated with fungicide and preservative to make it suitable for exterior use. Conventional impregnation applies force to liquid to treat the outermost layer of wood and so any cut or damage exposes the bare timber beneath. Superwood have developed a different technique, which allows them to apply treatment throughout the thickness of the timber, making it more efficient and effective. They take locally sourced spruce and apply the treatment using carbon dioxide (CO2) at temperature and pressure that causes it to become supercritical. In this state, there is no surface tension and the CO2 is able to pass through the wood without resistance, carrying the preservative chemistry and impregnating the wood from within. The colour of the wood is unaffected by the treatment, and will develop a typical silver patina over time, which allows light colour paints and stains to be used.
Relevant materials
Spruce, Sawnwood kiln dried
More
Architecture, Cladding, Impregnated wood, Patina, Spruce, Wood
Superwood is spruce impregnated with fungicide and preservative to make it suitable for exterior use. Conventional impregnation applies force to liquid to treat the outermost layer of wood and so any cut or damage exposes the bare timber beneath. Superwood have developed a different technique, which allows them to apply treatment throughout the thickness of the timber, making it more efficient and effective. They take locally sourced spruce and apply the treatment using carbon dioxide (CO2) at temperature and pressure that causes it to become supercritical. In this state, there is no surface tension and the CO2 is able to pass through the wood without resistance, carrying the preservative chemistry and impregnating the wood from within. The colour of the wood is unaffected by the treatment, and will develop a typical silver patina over time, which allows light colour paints and stains to be used.
Relevant materials
Spruce, Sawnwood kiln dried
More
Architecture, Cladding, Impregnated wood, Patina, Spruce, Wood
Thermory thermally modified timber (TMT) cladding, produced with spruce.
Relevant materials
Spruce, Sawnwood kiln dried
More
Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Indoor air quality, Interior, Spruce, Thermally modified timber, Thermory, Wood
Recycled glass side table made with Glasskeramik. Image Magna.
Relevant materials
Soda lime glass, Glass, Recycled
More
Architecture, Cladding, Furniture, Glass, Interior, Recycled, Transparent
Slate colours.
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Architecture, Cladding, Patina, Slate, Stone
Black slate cladding.
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Architecture, Cladding, Slate
Slate cladding in Cornwall, UK
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Architecture, Cladding, Slate, Stone
Silestone engineered quartz artificial stone sink produced by Cosentino. The patterns and effects run through the thickness of the slab, so the surface can be cut and polished and the pattern remains.
Relevant materials
Silica, Artificial stone, Engineered quartz
More
Architecture, Cladding, Cosentino, Engineered quartz, Food contact, Interior, Kitchen, Marble, Silica, Stone
Silestone engineered quartz artificial stone counter top produced by Cosentino. The patterns and effects run through the thickness of the slab, so the surface can be cut and polished and the pattern remains.
Relevant materials
Silica, Artificial stone, Engineered quartz
More
Architecture, Cladding, Cosentino, Engineered quartz, Food contact, Interior, Kitchen, Marble, Silica, Stone
Silestone engineered quartz artificial stone counter top produced by Cosentino. The patterns and effects run through the thickness of the slab, so the surface can be cut and polished and the pattern remains.
Relevant materials
Silica, Artificial stone, Engineered quartz
More
Architecture, Cladding, Cosentino, Engineered quartz, Food contact, Interior, Kitchen, Marble, Silica, Stone
Plaza Mayor in Salamanca, Spain, built entirely from Villamayor stone, a type of blond sandstone found in the deep quarries in the region of Castile-León.
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Architecture, Cladding, Patina, Sandstone, Stone
Thermory Thermowood aspen acoustic wall cladding. The sapwood is very light and uniform with a subtle grain. The sample at the bottom of the image is thermally modified (TMT). Heating the wood to 180-230 degC alters the colour of the wood, whilst improving resistance to decay and insect attack.
Relevant materials
Poplar & Aspen, Sawnwood kiln dried, Bigtooth, European and quacking aspen
More
Acoustics, Circular, Cladding, Indoor air quality, Interior, Patina, Poplar and aspen, Thermally modified timber, Thermory, Wood
Thermory Thermowood aspen wall cladding. Thermally modified timber (TMT) has been heated to 180-230 degC in a controlled atmosphere. This process reduces the moisture content to around 5% and in doing so permanently alters the wood's chemistry by cooking off the sugars (hemicellulose). This results in a much more durable timber, resistant to decay and insect attack, and lower thermal transfer.
Relevant materials
Poplar & Aspen, Sawnwood kiln dried, Bigtooth, European and quacking aspen
More
Acoustics, Circular, Cladding, Indoor air quality, Interior, Patina, Poplar and aspen, Thermally modified timber, Thermory, Wood
Extruded wood plastic composite (WPC) decking made up of polypropylene (PP) filled with wood flour
Relevant materials
Polypropylene (PP), PP-WF50, Moulded bio-based composite, 50% wood flour
More
Bio-based composite, Cladding, Composite, Extrusion, Floor, Furniture, Polypropylene (PP), Thermoplastic composite, Wood plastic composite (WPC)
Produced by PyraSied in cast polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, with encapsulated wool and cotton yarn.
Relevant materials
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), PMMA, Cast, General purpose Wool, Sheep wool Cotton, Fibre
More
Cast plastic, Cladding, Interior, Pattern, Plastic, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, PyraSied, Transparent
Centre Pompidou, France, by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, completed in 1977, featuring a tubular steel exoskeleton, cast low alloy steel ‘gerberettes’ (visible 11 ton structure joining the floor trusses to the end columns) and curved polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, glazed walkways.
Relevant materials
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), PMMA, Cast, General purpose Carbon steel, 1060-1099, High carbon Alloy steel, 8620, Low alloy steel
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Alloy steel, Architecture, Carbon steel, Cladding, Construction, Metal, Paint, Plastic, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, Public, Steel, Tensile structure, Thermoformed, Transparent
Versato Myst collection, manufactured by PyraSied in cast polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, with fluorescent and diffusing pigments. The cut edges appear more saturated than the faces, due to a phenomenon known as edge glow, or lit edge. It is caused by lightwaves being refracted internally and transmitted out through the edge, rather than the surface. The effect is enhanced by fluorescent pigment.
Relevant materials
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), PMMA, Cast, General purpose
More
Cladding, Edge glow, Furniture, Interior, Plastic, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, PyraSied, Transparent
Hexagon diffuser, produced in clear polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic. The hexagon structure sheet spreads light in three directions.
Relevant materials
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), PMMA, Cast, General purpose
More
Cast plastic, Cladding, Interior, Pattern, Plastic, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, Texture, Transparent
Jali by Sensitile, is a light refracting and reflecting panel produced with a proprietary polymer material - based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic - in a unique layered composition.
Relevant materials
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), PMMA, Cast, General purpose
More
Architecture, Cast plastic, Cladding, Gradient, Interior, Pattern, Plastic, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, Sensitile, Transparent
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, sheet with fluorescent tint. Reducing the amount of pigment or dye to below the saturation point results in tinted colour. Fluorescent pigments glow brightly because they absorb light in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum and emit light in the visible portion. Therefore, tinted materials will appear brighter than their surroundings because they emit more visible light. The cut edges appear more saturated than the faces, due to a phenomenon known as edge glow, or lit edge. It is caused by lightwaves being refracted internally and transmitted out through the edge, rather than the surface. The effect is enhanced by fluorescent pigment.
Relevant materials
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), PMMA, Cast, General purpose
More
Cast plastic, Cladding, Edge glow, Interior, Plastic, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, Transparent
Faux translucent stone, produced by PyraSied, in cast polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic.
Relevant materials
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), PMMA, Cast, General purpose
More
Cast plastic, Cladding, Interior, Pattern, Plastic, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, PyraSied, Transparent
Corrugated extruded polycarbonate (PC) glazing panel for exterior and interior applications. This system, Akrapan by Akraplast, features a tongue and groove profile to allow multiple panels to slot together, side-by-side. No junction profiles are needed, resulting in a uniform surface.
Relevant materials
Polycarbonate (PC), PC, Engineering plastic, General purpose Spruce, SWPW, Plywood, Softwood plywood
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Architecture, Art, Cladding, Corrugated, Engineered wood, Extrusion, Interior, Plastic, Polycarbonate (PC), Spruce, Transparent
Trælasthuset (The Timber House) is a parking garage in Nordhavn, Copenhagen, by Vilhelm Lauritzen Arkitekter, completed 2002. The cladding consists of laminated glass, recycled aluminium and Thermwood pine.
Relevant materials
Pine, TMT, Modified timber, Thermally modified timber Float glass, Sheet glass, Laminated Aluminium, Recycled, Wrought alloy
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Aluminium, Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Construction, Float glass, Glass, Metal, Patina, Pine, Public, Recycled, Thermally modified timber, Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects, Wood
Cross section through a wood fibre insulated wall, using various products from Steico, with thermally modified timber (TMT) pine cladding. This setup removes the need for toxic ingredients and contributes to improved indoor air quality.
Relevant materials
Pine, TMT, Modified timber, Thermally modified timber Engineered wood, Panel, Insulation Engineered wood, HB, Panel, Hardboard
More
Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Construction, Engineered wood, Indoor air quality, Insulation, Steico, Thermally modified timber, Thermory, Wood
Thermory thermally modified timber (TMT) cladding boards, produced with pine.
Relevant materials
Pine, TMT, Modified timber, Thermally modified timber
More
Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Interior, Pine, Thermally modified timber, Thermory, Wood
Thermory thermally modified timber (TMT) cladding, produced with pine.
Relevant materials
Pine, TMT, Modified timber, Thermally modified timber
More
Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Interior, Pine, Thermally modified timber, Thermory, Wood
Pine shuttering, used as formwork for setting concrete. The concrete takes on the texture of the wood.
Relevant materials
Pine, Sawnwood kiln dried, Pine
More
Circular, Cladding, Construction, Interior, Pattern, Pine, Texture, Wood
Duromer high-pressure laminate (HPL) exterior panels by Fundermax. They are coated with a double-cured acrylic polyurethane resin for enhanced weather protection. Image Fundermax.
Relevant materials
Paper, HPL, Construction panel, High pressure laminate
More
Architecture, Cladding, High pressure laminate (HPL), Paint, Paper, Polyurethane resin (PUR), Wood fibre
Honext recycled paper construction panels are produced from sludge waste from paper mills and post-consumer cardboard waste. The wet fibres are mixed with proprietary additives and pressed into a wet board, which is dried with heat to form the finished product. They provide an alternative to plywood, engineered wood panels and gypsum plasterboard. Image Honext.
Relevant materials
Paper, PAP, General purpose, Greyboard and chipboard, over 250 g/m2
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Acoustics, Architecture, Cladding, Engineered wood, Interior, Paper, Recycled
Curving oak lined interior on Køge Nord Station footbridge, by architects Cobe and Dissing+Weitling, 2020.
Relevant materials
Oak, Sawnwood kiln dried, White oak
More
Architecture, Cladding, Cobe Architects, Dissing+Weitling, Interior, Oak, Public, Wood
Bog wood comes from trees that have been buried in peat bogs (or similar environments, such as swamps or the bottom of lakes) for hundreds and sometimes even thousands of years. Deprived of oxygen, the wood is protected from decay and begins the process of fossilisation. The wood is usually stained dark brown, or black, by tannins dissolved in the acidic water. As a result, it provides an alternative to critically endangered exotic hardwoods, like ebony. However, it is hard to find and large pieces can be very expensive.
Relevant materials
Oak, Sawnwood kiln dried, White oak
More
Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Furniture, Oak, Patina, Wood
Suspended lamella ceiling structure in Dinesen white oak
Relevant materials
Oak, Sawnwood kiln dried, White oak
More
Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Dinesen, Indoor air quality, Interior, Oak, Wood
White oak sticks hanging from the ceiling in the Dinesen showroom, Copenhagen, Denmark
Relevant materials
Oak, Sawnwood kiln dried, White oak
More
Art, Circular, Cladding, CNC machined, Dinesen, Interior, Oak, Wood
Accura's headquarters in Nordhavn, Copenhagen, by Danielsen Architecture, completed 2023. The cladding is Polaris stone, a bright white marble quarried in Greece. It was cut and prepared by Nielsens Mekaniske Stenhuggeri.
Relevant materials
Marble, Slab
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Architecture, Cladding, Construction, Danielsen Architecture, Marble, Stone
Mahogany cladding and powder coated steel on coastal public seating.
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Architecture, Chair, Cladding, Furniture, Mahogany, Marine, Patina, Public, Wood
Carved Jura travertine cladding on Tower 185, Frankfurt. Jura travertine from Germany (in this case Bavaria’s Altmühl valley) varies between beige, cream and light grey. It is used for walls, floors, countertops and stairwells, in both interior and exterior applications.
Relevant materials
Limestone, Slab
More
Cladding, CNC machined, Limestone, Public, Stone, Travertine
Charlottenborg, Copenhagen, Denmark, completed 1683, features vast stucco ceilings in lime plaster.
Relevant materials
Lime, Ca(OH)2, Hydrated lime, slaked lime, Calcium hydroxide
More
Cladding, Indoor air quality, Interior, Lime, Pattern, Plaster Render Stucco, Public
Untreated larch shiplap cladding gradually turning silvery grey with exposure to the elements.
Relevant materials
Larch, Sawnwood kiln dried, Eastern, Tamarack, Western, Siberian, European, Japanese
More
Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Larch, Patina, Wood
Larch cladding turning silver with age on the outside of Møns Klint Geocenter, Denmark.
Relevant materials
Larch, Sawnwood kiln dried, Eastern, Tamarack, Western, Siberian, European, Japanese
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Architecture, Cladding, Larch, Patina, Public, Wood
Yakisugi (焼杉), sometimes also known as shou sugi ban outside Japan, is a wood burning technique that has been used for centuries in Japan to extend the lifespan of wood in exterior applications. It was conceived before chemical treatments were available as a means of improving the longevity of wood by preventing decay, insect and mould infestation, while making planks more dimensionally stable and improving fire resistance. Typically used for siding and cladding on exteriors, the surface may be sealed and oiled for interior use, furniture and products.
Relevant materials
Larch, Sawnwood kiln dried, Eastern, Tamarack, Western, Siberian, European, Japanese
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Architecture, Cladding, Furniture, Indoor air quality, Interior, Larch, Wood, Yakisugi burnt wood
Wavy edge larch cladding, with the bark intact. This clearly shows how this species is majority heartwood - this is the most durable part of the tree and why larch can be used outdoors without preservative. The sapwood converts into heartwood relatively quickly.
Relevant materials
Larch, Sawnwood kiln dried, Eastern, Tamarack, Western, Siberian, European, Japanese
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Circular, Cladding, Larch, Patina, Wood
Inn The Park, London, by Hopkins Architects for the Royal Parks, completed 2004. Austrian larch is used both inside and out. Externally, this is left untreated so that it gradually weathers, while inside, the larch is oiled to retain its warm colour. Image Hopkins Architects.
Relevant materials
Larch, Sawnwood kiln dried, Eastern, Tamarack, Western, Siberian, European, Japanese
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Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Construction, Hopkins Architects, Larch, Patina, Public, Wood
Inn The Park, London, by Hopkins Architects for the Royal Parks, completed 2004. Austrian larch is used both inside and out. Externally, this is left untreated so that it gradually weathers, while inside, the larch is oiled to retain its warm colour. Image Hopkins Architects.
Relevant materials
Larch, Sawnwood kiln dried, Eastern, Tamarack, Western, Siberian, European, Japanese
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Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Construction, Hopkins Architects, Larch, Patina, Public, Wood
Brick slips for Pret a Manger, London, created by Universal Display, cast in Jesmonite gypsum-acrylic composite. Photo by Jesmonite.
Relevant materials
Gypsum, Gypsum-acrylic composite, Jesmonite
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Architecture, Brick, Cast plastic, Cladding, Gypsum, Interior, Plastic, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic
The Royal Library (The Black Diamond), Copenhagen, by Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects, 1999. The exterior is clad in polished black granite.
Relevant materials
Granite, Slab Float glass, Sheet glass, Tempered or toughened
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Architecture, Cladding, Float glass, Granite, Public, Stone, Transparent
The Royal Library (The Black Diamond), Copenhagen, by Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects, 1999. The exterior is clad in polished black granite.
Relevant materials
Granite, Slab
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Architecture, Cladding, Float glass, Granite, Public, Stone
Blue pearl granite from the Vestfold region of Norway. It is suitable for countertops, worktops, furniture, interiors and cladding.
Relevant materials
Granite, Slab
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Architecture, Cladding, Furniture, Granite, Interior, Kitchen, Stone
Botany town centre, Auckland, New Zealand, by Ignite Architects, 2019. The transparent ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) roof, produced by Vector Foiltec, is supported by curved Radiata pine glulam engineered wood beams. Image Vector Foiltec.
Relevant materials
Fluoropolymer, ETFE, Cofluoropolymer, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene Pine, GLT, glulam, Engineered wood, Glued laminated timber
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Architecture, Cladding, Engineered wood, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Film, Fluoropolymer, Glulam, Membrane, Pine, Plastic, Public, Technical textile, Tensile structure, Transparent, Vector Foiltec, Wood
Aarau Bus terminal and station square, Switzerland, by Vehovar & Jauslin Architektur, 2014. Manufactured by Vector Foiltec, the 1,055 sqm bubble is fabricated as a single structure from printed ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), inflated with air. The ETFE structure is supported within a steel framework and secured between stainless steel cables. Image Vector Foiltec, Andreas Braun.
Relevant materials
Fluoropolymer, ETFE, Cofluoropolymer, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene Carbon steel, 1004-1030, Low carbon, Mild steel Stainless steel, 316, Austenitic stainless steel
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Architecture, Cable, Cladding, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Film, Fluoropolymer, Membrane, Print, Public, Technical textile, Tensile structure, Transparent, Vector Foiltec
Aarau Bus terminal and station square, Switzerland, by Vehovar & Jauslin Architektur, 2014. Manufactured by Vector Foiltec, the 1,055 sqm bubble is fabricated as a single structure from printed ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), inflated with air. The ETFE structure is supported within a steel framework and secured between stainless steel cables. Image Vector Foiltec, Andreas Braun.
Relevant materials
Fluoropolymer, ETFE, Cofluoropolymer, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene Carbon steel, 1004-1030, Low carbon, Mild steel Stainless steel, 316, Austenitic stainless steel
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Architecture, Cable, Cladding, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Film, Fluoropolymer, Membrane, Print, Public, Technical textile, Tensile structure, Transparent, Vector Foiltec
The Shed’s Bloomberg Building at Hudson Yards, New York, by Diller Scofidio + Renfro, Rockwell Group, 2019. The welded air-filled ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) bubbles, manufactured by Vector Foiltec, create a lightweight insulated structure. The shell, known as McCourt, moves on rails driven by giant wheels and doubles the usable indoor space of the building. The unique colour effect comes from a combination of a printed pattern on the top layer, a white middle layer with 29% opacity, and a transparent bottom layer. Image Vector Foiltec, Timothy Schenck.
Relevant materials
Fluoropolymer, ETFE, Cofluoropolymer, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
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Architecture, Cladding, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Film, Fluoropolymer, Membrane, Plastic, Public, Technical textile, Tensile structure, Transparent, Vector Foiltec
Pavilion Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, by KL Pavilion Design Studio Sdn Bhd, Konzepte + CGNA Sdn Bhd, 2021. The mega canopy, manufactured by Vector Foiltec, is 125 m long, 115 m wide and clad with 34 two-layer ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) cushions. Each cushion is 3.2 m wide and supported by a steel structure. Image Vector Foiltec, KL Interior Photography.
Relevant materials
Fluoropolymer, ETFE, Cofluoropolymer, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
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Architecture, Cladding, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Film, Fluoropolymer, Membrane, Plastic, Public, Technical textile, Tensile structure, Transparent, Vector Foiltec
Eden Project, Cornwall, UK, designed by Grimshaw Architects and completed 2001. Produced by Vector Foiltec, each bubble consists of layers of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), welded around the perimeter to trap a layer of insulating air within. ETFE was selected for the transparent envelope, because it enabled an extremely lightweight and efficient structure. The film allows a high level of light transmission, is extremely resistant to UV and weathering, self-cleaning due to its low surface energy, and can tolerate abrasion from grit in the wind. Image Vector Foiltec.
Relevant materials
Fluoropolymer, ETFE, Cofluoropolymer, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
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Architecture, Cladding, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Film, Fluoropolymer, Grimshaw Architects, Insulation, Membrane, Plastic, Public, Technical textile, Tensile structure, Transparent, Vector Foiltec
Water Cube (Beijing National Aquatics Centre) by PTW Architects, constructed to host the aquatics competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. It consists of a steel space frame, clad with cushions made up of welded ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), produced by Vector Foiltec. The ETFE pillows allow more light and heat penetration than traditional glass, which resulted in a 30% decrease in energy costs. Images Vector Foiltec.
Relevant materials
Fluoropolymer, ETFE, Cofluoropolymer, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
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Architecture, Cladding, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Film, Fluoropolymer, Insulation, Membrane, PTW Architects, Public, Technical textile, Tensile structure, Transparent, Vector Foiltec
The translucent membrane spanning the ceiling at Heathrow Terminal 2, UK, by Luis Vidal Architects, completed 2014, is made from ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) produced by Taiyo Europe (evening LED back-lighting). A membrane like this is much lighter and consumes significantly less material than a solid ceiling structure.
Relevant materials
Fluoropolymer, ETFE, Cofluoropolymer, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
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Architecture, Cladding, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Film, Fluoropolymer, Interior, Lighting, Luis Vidal Architects, Membrane, Plastic, Public, Taiyo, Technical textile, Tensile structure
The translucent membrane spanning the ceiling at Heathrow Terminal 2, UK, by Luis Vidal Architects, completed 2014, is made from ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) produced by Taiyo Europe (daylight). A membrane like this is much lighter and consumes significantly less material than a solid ceiling structure.
Relevant materials
Fluoropolymer, ETFE, Cofluoropolymer, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
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Architecture, Cladding, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Film, Fluoropolymer, Interior, Lighting, Luis Vidal Architects, Membrane, Plastic, Public, Taiyo, Technical textile, Tensile structure
Copenhagen International School, by C. F. Møller, completed 2017, features a facade of over 12,000 SolarLab solar panels (covering over 6,000 sqm). The satin finish tempered glass cladding is vacuum deposition coated with silicon nitride (SiN) to provide an anti-reflective surface, interesting colour and conceal the electronics behind, without affecting their efficiency. A range of metallic and ceramic colours is possible with vacuum deposition - each with different optical and functional properties.
Relevant materials
Float glass, Sheet glass, Tempered or toughened Technical ceramic, PVD, CVD, Coating, Vacuum deposition
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Architecture, C. F. Møller, Cladding, Construction, Electronics product, Iridescent, Public, Solar panel, SolarLab, Vacuum deposition
Copenhagen International School, by C. F. Møller, completed 2017, features a facade of over 12,000 SolarLab solar panels (covering over 6,000 sqm). The satin finish tempered glass cladding is vacuum deposition coated with silicon nitride (SiN) to provide an anti-reflective surface, interesting colour and conceal the electronics behind, without affecting their efficiency. A range of metallic and ceramic colours is possible with vacuum deposition - each with different optical and functional properties.
Relevant materials
Float glass, Sheet glass, Tempered or toughened Technical ceramic, PVD, CVD, Coating, Vacuum deposition
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Architecture, C. F. Møller, Cladding, Construction, Electronics product, Iridescent, Public, Solar panel, SolarLab, Vacuum deposition
Laminated toughened glass with embedded LED interior application by Ingo Maurer
Relevant materials
Float glass, Sheet glass, Tempered or toughened Float glass, Sheet glass, Laminated
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Cladding, Float glass, Furniture, Ingo Maurer, Interior, Lighting, Pattern, Transparent
30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin), London, UK, completed 2003, designed by Norman Foster and the Arup Group, features 5,500 flat glass panels of varying sizes on a steel structure.
Relevant materials
Float glass, Sheet glass, Tempered or toughened Float glass, Sheet glass, Laminated
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Architecture, Arup, Cladding, Construction, Float glass, Glass, Norman Foster, Public
Spidsen af ​​Nordø (Tip of Nordø, Redmole Spidsen), Denmark, by Cobe Architects, Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects and Tredje Natur, completed 2023. The facade concept for the cylindrical structure was designed with the aim of creating good daylight conditions throughout the building. To reduce glare, facade elements are narrower towards the west, south and east of the building, where the facade is the most exposed to daylight. Towards the west, north and east, the facade gradually opens up, letting in more light. Thus, the six individually angled facade elements vary in size and glazing ratios based on hour-by-hour weather simulations. The prefabricated solar control glass units in anodised aluminium were manufactured and installed by Feldhaus Fenster + Fassaden.
Relevant materials
Float glass, Sheet glass, Laminated Aluminium, AlMg, 5000 series, 5005
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Aluminium, Anodised, Architecture, Cladding, Cobe Architects, Float glass, Public, Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects
Spidsen af ​​Nordø (Tip of Nordø, Redmole Spidsen), Denmark, by Cobe Architects, Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects and Tredje Natur, completed 2023. The facade concept for the cylindrical structure was designed with the aim of creating good daylight conditions throughout the building. To reduce glare, facade elements are narrower towards the west, south and east of the building, where the facade is the most exposed to daylight. Towards the west, north and east, the facade gradually opens up, letting in more light. Thus, the six individually angled facade elements vary in size and glazing ratios based on hour-by-hour weather simulations. The prefabricated solar control glass units in anodised aluminium were manufactured and installed by Feldhaus Fenster + Fassaden.
Relevant materials
Float glass, Sheet glass, Laminated Aluminium, AlMg, 5000 series, 5005
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Aluminium, Anodised, Architecture, Cladding, Cobe Architects, Float glass, Public, Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects
Blox by OMA, engineered by Arup, 2018, houses the Danish Architecture Centre, Copenhagen. The fully glazed facade is triple glazed. Frits and coloured glasses are used to improve solar control.
Relevant materials
Float glass, Sheet glass, Tempered or toughened
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Architecture, Arup, Cladding, Float glass, Glass, OMA, Public
Laminated float glass curtain wall.
Relevant materials
Float glass, Sheet glass, Laminated
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Architecture, Cladding, Float glass, Laminated, Public, Transparent
Cover glass, etched and painted on the backside to create a decorate 3D-effect window frame
Relevant materials
Float glass, Sheet glass, Tempered or toughened
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Chemical etched, Cladding, Electronics product, Float glass, Furniture, Glass, Graphics, Paint, Pattern, Product, Texture
Louvre glass pyramids, Paris, France, by I. M. Pei, completed 1984, are fabricated with laminated, extra clear float glass manufactured by Saint Gobain
Relevant materials
Float glass, Sheet glass, Laminated
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Architecture, Cable, Cladding, Construction, Float glass, Glass, Public, Tensile structure, Transparent
Oriented strand board (OSB), also known as sterling board and flakeboard, wall cladding.
Relevant materials
Engineered wood, OSB, Panel, Oriented strand board, sterling board
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Architecture, Cladding, Engineered wood, Furniture, Interior, Oriented strand board (OSB), Pine, Spruce, Wood
Door sliding system profile in extruded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) selectively reinforced with unidirectional glass fibre for enhanced stiffness, made by Rossi Stampi
Relevant materials
E-glass fibre, E, Fibre, Electrical Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), UPVC, Rigid plastic, Vinyl
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Architecture, Cladding, Composite, E-glass, Plastic, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Rossi Stampi, Thermoplastic composite, Unidirectional
Cork aggregate mixed with lime based render or plaster provides a lightweight, insulating and vapour permeable surface finish for interiors. Here is it applied to hempcrete to provide a breathable, acoustic interior finish.
Relevant materials
Cork, Natural Hemp, Hemplime, Hempcrete Lime, CaCO3, Natural hydraulic lime, quicklime, Calcium carbonate
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Acoustics, Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Cork, Hemp, Indoor air quality, Insulation, Interior, Plant
Gencork interior cladding made with black cork, expanded cork agglomerate from Sofalca. Image Sofalca.
Relevant materials
Cork, ICB, Expanded, Insulation cork board
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Acoustics, Architecture, Cladding, CNC machined, Cork, Furniture, Insulation, Interior
Amorim decorative expanded insulation corkboard for interior panels.
Relevant materials
Cork, ICB, Expanded, Insulation cork board
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Acoustics, Amorim, Cladding, CNC machined, Cork, Foam, Furniture, Indoor air quality, Insulation, Interior
Amorim decorative expanded insulation corkboard for interior panels.
Relevant materials
Cork, ICB, Expanded, Insulation cork board
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Acoustics, Amorim, Cladding, CNC machined, Cork, Foam, Furniture, Indoor air quality, Insulation, Interior
Cork aggregate mixed with lime based render or plaster provides a lightweight, insulating and vapour permeable surface finish for interiors.
Relevant materials
Cork, Natural
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Acoustics, Circular, Cladding, Cork, Indoor air quality, Insulation, Interior
Nordea Christianshavn, Copenhagen, by Henning Larsen, completed 2000, features a copper facade that will slowly turn green over time as the copper develops its characteristic verdigris patina.
Relevant materials
Copper, Brass & Bronze, Pure
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Architecture, Cladding, Copper, Henning Larsen, Marine, Metal, Patina, Public
The Axel Towers, Copenhagen, by Lundgaard & Tranberg Arkitekter, completed 2017, features a brass cladding made up of 20% zinc.
Relevant materials
Copper, Brass & Bronze, CuZn20, Wrought brass, copper zinc alloy, Low brass
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Architecture, Brass, Cladding, Copper, Metal, Patina, Public
NEMO (National Center for Science and Technology), Amsterdam, by Renzo Piano, completed 1997. It is clad in green patinated copper. The process of patination is very slow, taking many years to become green and only if the conditions are right. So, the copper is pre-patinated using a chemical process to give the hardwearing and weather resistant layer on the surface a head start prior to installation.
Relevant materials
Copper, Brass & Bronze, Pure
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Architecture, Cladding, Construction, Copper, Marine, Metal, Patina, Public, Renzo Piano
Copper with a small amount of tin (Sn, 3.5-4.5%) produces a rich copper-red colour cladding. A brown-red surface oxidation is typical for this alloy, with darker undertones. The material then gradually changes to dark brown - the patina forms more slowly than with pure copper.
Relevant materials
Copper, Brass & Bronze, CuSn, Copper tin alloy, Tin bronze
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Architecture, Cladding, Construction, Copper, Metal, Patina, Public
Experimentarium, Copenhagen, Denmark, designed by CEBRA, features a helix staircase clad in 10 tons of copper alloy
Relevant materials
Copper, Brass & Bronze, Pure
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Architecture, CEBRA, Cladding, Construction, Copper, Interior, Metal, Public
Drywall board made of clay for cladding of wood and metal post structures of inner walls, facing shells, ceiling and roof surfaces. Consisting of clay, wood fibre and reinforcing jute fabric, it can be smoothed over with clay plaster and finished with clay paint. Clay drywall brings a lot of clay into the house, with all the indoor air quality and thermal benefits.
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Cladding, Clay, Indoor air quality, Insulation, Interior
Rectangular wooden chestnut shingles on a forest hut, gradually turning silvery grey.
Relevant materials
Chestnut, Sawnwood kiln dried, American, Sweet (Spanish, European), Japanese (kuri), Chinese
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Architecture, Chestnut, Circular, Cladding, Patina, Wood
Terracotta roof tiles as wall cladding, Salamanca, Spain
Relevant materials
Ceramic, Earthenware, Terracotta
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Architecture, Ceramic, Cladding, Clay, Terracotta
Low- and mid-fire ceramics, including earthenware and certain types of stoneware, are compatible with a range of vivid colour glazes
Relevant materials
Ceramic, Stoneware, Pottery
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Art, Ceramic, Cladding, Glass, Glazed ceramic, Interior, Product, Stoneware, Tableware
Mosaic tiled seating installation by Noriyuki Otsuka, 2004, Japan
Relevant materials
Ceramic, Stoneware, Pottery
More
Ceramic, Chair, Cladding, Furniture, Glazed ceramic, Noriyuki Otsuka, Pattern, Public, Stoneware
Apartment block featuring glazed ceramic tile facade
Relevant materials
Ceramic, Stoneware, Pottery
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Architecture, Ceramic, Cladding, Glazed ceramic, Public, Stoneware
Here without backlight, a concrete building material with embedded optical glass fibres to allow for light transmission, manufactured by Litracon.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Normal strength concrete Silica, SiO2, Fibre
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Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Glass fibre, Interior, Lighting, Litracon, Silica
Concrete building material with embedded optical glass fibres to allow for light transmission, manufactured by Litracon
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Normal strength concrete Silica, SiO2, Fibre
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Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Glass fibre, Interior, Lighting, Litracon, Silica
Concrete with embedded optical glass fibres to allow for light transmission, manufactured by Litracon
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Normal strength concrete Silica, SiO2, Fibre
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Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Glass fibre, Interior, Lighting, Litracon, Silica
Fibre cement boards, contributing to the acoustic and thermal performance of the building, revealed beneath Douglas fir plywood in an interior application.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Fibre cement board Douglas fir, DFP, Plywood, Douglas fir plywood
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Acoustics, Architecture, Board, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Douglas fir, Engineered wood, Interior, Plywood, Wood
Cast recycled concrete tiles by Novel Grey. The surface finish depends on the mould, with gloss coming from highly polished moulds and a matte surface from rubber moulds. The rubber moulds also cause a variegated effect in the pigment.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Normal strength concrete
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Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Interior, Pattern, Recycled, Tile
Cast recycled concrete tiles by Novel Grey. The surface finish depends on the mould, with gloss coming from highly polished moulds and a matte surface from rubber moulds. The rubber moulds also cause a variegated effect in the pigment.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Normal strength concrete
More
Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Interior, Pattern, Recycled, Tile
Cast recycled concrete tiles by Novel Grey. The surface finish depends on the mould, with gloss coming from highly polished moulds and a matte surface from rubber moulds. The rubber moulds also cause a variegated effect in the pigment.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Normal strength concrete
More
Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Interior, Pattern, Recycled, Tile
Swisspearl fibre cement cladding boards with various colours, finishes and textures. The main ingredients are cement, fillers, cellulose, synthetic fibres, colour pigments and water.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Fibre cement board
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Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Construction, Fibre cement, Interior, Swisspearl, Texture
Swisspearl Natur fibre cement cladding in light grey with a smooth finish. The main ingredients are cement, fillers, cellulose, synthetic fibres, colour pigments and water.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Fibre cement board
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Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Construction, Fibre cement, Interior, Swisspearl, Texture
Swisspearl Cembrit fibre cement cladding in light grey with a texture finish. The main ingredients are cement, fillers, cellulose, synthetic fibres, colour pigments and water.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Fibre cement board
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Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Construction, Fibre cement, Interior, Swisspearl, Texture
Swisspearl Patina Inline fibre cement cladding with milled linear grooves in the surface to create a relief effect on the facade.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Fibre cement board
More
Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Construction, Fibre cement, Interior, Patina, Swisspearl, Texture
Espoon Tähystäjä, a 13-storey residential building in Espoonlahti, designed by architect Petri Rouhiainen. Decorative effects produced by Graphic Concrete. Photo by Graphic Concrete.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Normal strength concrete
More
Architecture, Cement Concrete, Chemical etched, Cladding, Graphic Concrete, Graphics
Cast concrete using wooden shuttering formwork faithfully reproduces the surface grain including knots and fixings. Partly painted grey.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, RC, Reinforced concrete, Ordinary, prestressed or post-tensioned
More
Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Construction, Interior, Patina, Pattern, Pine, Spruce, Texture
DRL 10 pavilion at the Architectural Association, London, by Alan Dempsey and Alvin Huang, 2008, is fabricated from 13 mm thick glass fibre cement panels manufactured by Rieder
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, GFRC, Fibre reinforced concrete, Glass fibre reinforced concrete
More
Alan Dempsey, Alvin Huang, AR glass, Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Construction, Reinforced concrete, Rieder
Concrete tiles bound with wheat straw rope in Beijing, China
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Normal strength concrete
More
Cement Concrete, Cladding, Packaging, Plant, Public, Rope
Etched precast concrete blocks at Faxe Kalkbrud, Denmark, produced by Graphic Concrete.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, Normal strength concrete
More
Architecture, Cement Concrete, Chemical etched, Cladding, Graphic Concrete, Graphics, Interior
Cast fine black coloured concrete, reproducing the surface of the mould, by Concrete Blonde
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, UHPC, Ultra high performance
More
Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Graphics, Interior, Texture
The Silo in Copenhagen, by Cobe, completed 2017, features a galvanised steel facade hung on the original reinforced concrete structure of the industrial grain silo, mounted on large steel brackets. The prefabricated batch galvanised steel units, manufactured by Skandinaviska Glassystem, act as a climate shield and provide a dramatic appearance reflecting the surrounding light while forming the distinctive zinc patina. A steel with a specified minimum silicon content to achieve at least 100 microns of galvanised coating was used for the 3 mm thick facade plates. It was batch galvanised, as opposed to using pre-galvanised sheet, to avoid exposed steel edges after cutting which would corrode. It is estimated the galvanised steel will last 50 years and can be dismantled and re-galvanised to extend its life.
Relevant materials
Carbon steel, 1004-1030, Low carbon, Mild steel
More
Architecture, Cladding, Cobe Architects, Galvanised, Mesh, Metal, Patina, Perforate, Public, Steel, Zinc
Zinc galvanised mild steel ring rolled and press formed gutter profile.
Relevant materials
Carbon steel, 1004-1030, Low carbon, Mild steel
More
Architecture, Cladding, Galvanised, Metal, Patina, Roll formed, Steel, Zinc
Kunsthal 44Møen, Denmark, clad in sheets of hot-dip galvanised (zinc) mild steel, cold-rolled to produce a linear corrugated pattern.
Relevant materials
Carbon steel, 1004-1030, Low carbon, Mild steel
More
Architecture, Carbon steel, Cladding, Construction, Corrugated, Galvanised, Metal, Steel, Zinc
Mild steel is roll formed into a trapezoid profile to make strong and lightweight sheets for roofing and cladding. It is galvanised and powder coated for protection against corrosion. While the powder coating may breakdown over decades, the zinc galvanising provides long term durability.
Relevant materials
Carbon steel, 1004-1030, Low carbon, Mild steel
More
Architecture, Carbon steel, Cladding, Construction, Metal, Powder coat, Roll formed, Steel
Zinc galvanising on corrugated steel after decades of exposure to weathering
Relevant materials
Carbon steel, 1004-1030, Low carbon, Mild steel
More
Architecture, Carbon steel, Cladding, Construction, Galvanised, Metal, Patina, Pattern, Steel, Zinc
The facade of the Texoversum Innovation Center, by allmannwappner, Menges Scheffler Architekten and Jan Knippers, 2023. It was developed and constructed as part of the new campus expansion plan of the Reutlingen University of Applied Sciences, Germany. The facade, which helps to shield the building from the sun, is composed of triangular panels measuring approximately four metres in width and 1.5 metres in height, each made by a robotic winding process developed at the University of Stuttgart. Manufactured by FibR, the panels are self-supporting and produced with a mix of white glass fibre and black carbon fibre.
Relevant materials
Carbon fibre (CF), T300, Standard modulus, high tensile (HT), 1K, 3K, 6K and 12K tow E-glass fibre, E, Fibre, Electrical Epoxy, EP, Resin
More
Architecture, Carbon fibre, Cladding, Composite, Construction, Epoxy, Filament wound, Glass fibre, Public, Super fibre, Unidirectional
In the past, the look of buildings was more closely linked to the properties and qualities of local clay.
Relevant materials
Brick, Moulded Copper, Brass & Bronze, Pure
More
Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Copper, Patina, Public
Reclaimed bricks being cleaned in preparation for reuse. Broken and damaged bricks are crushed as aggregate or broken down more finely to supplement sand in new bricks. Removing lime mortar tends to be much more straight forward than cement mortar.
Relevant materials
Brick, Moulded Brick, Extruded
More
Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Patina, Recycled
Cross section through a mineral wool (Rockwool) insulated exterior wall system, with extruded clay tiles mounted on timber and extruded aluminium brackets.
Relevant materials
Brick, Extruded Basalt, BF, Fibre
More
Architecture, Basalt, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Extrusion, Insulation, Tile
Cross section through a mineral wool (Rockwool) insulated exterior wall system, with extruded clay tiles mounted on extruded aluminium brackets.
Relevant materials
Brick, Extruded Basalt, BF, Fibre
More
Architecture, Basalt, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Extrusion, Insulation, Super fibre, Tile
Krøyers Plads by Cobe and Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects, Copenhagen, completed 2016. The facade is clad in Urban Christianshavn brick tiles by Egernsund Wienerberger, mounted onto an aluminium frame. The red and black colour references the old warehouses of the area.
Relevant materials
Brick, Extruded
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Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Cobe Architects, Extrusion, Public, Tile, Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects
Krøyers Plads by Cobe and Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects, Copenhagen, completed 2016. The facade is clad in Urban Christianshavn brick tiles by Egernsund Wienerberger, mounted onto an aluminium frame. The red and black colour references the old warehouses of the area.
Relevant materials
Brick, Extruded
More
Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Cobe Architects, Extrusion, Public, Tile, Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects
Extruded terracotta facade tiles, with corrugated profile.
Relevant materials
Brick, Extruded
More
Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Corrugated, Extrusion, Glazed ceramic, Texture, Tile
Extruded terracotta facade tile, with embossed texture and light glaze.
Relevant materials
Brick, Extruded
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Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Embossed, Extrusion, Glazed ceramic, Texture, Tile
Paper Island, Christiansholm, Copenhagen, by Cobe, due to be completed 2024. The facade is clad with a brick developed especially for the project by Petersen Tegl. Called the Christiansholm brick, it is made with Danish blue clay, water-struck moulded with a traditional bevelled indentation, with a layer of whitish clay on the surface to produce a whitewashed look after firing.
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Brick, Moulded
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Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Cobe Architects, Construction, Patina, Petersen Tegl, Texture
Paper Island, Christiansholm, Copenhagen, by Cobe, due to be completed 2024. The facade is clad with a brick developed especially for the project by Petersen Tegl. Called the Christiansholm brick, it is made with Danish blue clay, water-struck moulded with a traditional bevelled indentation, with a layer of whitish clay on the surface to produce a whitewashed look after firing.
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Brick, Moulded
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Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Cobe Architects, Construction, Patina, Petersen Tegl, Texture
Water-struck, moulded brick. Vandersanden Medoc brick.
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Brick, Moulded
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Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Patina
Water-struck, moulded brick. Ibstock Beamish blend.
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Brick, Moulded
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Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Patina
Hand moulded brick, showing the effects of decades of weathering and use.
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Brick, Moulded
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Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Patina
Extruded brick with rolled texture
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Brick, Extruded
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Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Extrusion
Extruded brick, wire cut to size, showing the effects of weathering over several decades
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Brick, Extruded
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Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Extrusion, Patina
Extruded brick, wire cut to size, with a smooth and uniform finish
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Brick, Extruded
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Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Extrusion
Stack of extruded bricks, which have been wire-cut to size, resulting in smooth faces and textured top and bottom
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Brick, Extruded
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Architecture, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Extrusion
Wavy brick-walled courtyard, made up of various shades of water-struck bricks, gallery of Ai Weiwei, Cao Chang Di, China
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Brick, Moulded
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Architecture, Art, Brick, Cladding, Clay, Construction, Public
Terminal 3 Copenhagen Airport, Denmark, designed by Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects, built 2020, featuring European ash wood lamellas.
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Ash, Sawnwood kiln dried, European, White, American White, Black, Green, Oregon
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Architecture, Ash, Circular, Cladding, Construction, Indoor air quality, Interior, Public, Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects, Wood
Terminal 3 Copenhagen Airport, Denmark, designed by Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects, built 2020, featuring European ash wood lamellas and in-situ cast concrete
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Ash, Sawnwood kiln dried, European, White, American White, Black, Green, Oregon Cement & concrete, RC, Reinforced concrete, Ordinary, prestressed or post-tensioned
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Architecture, Ash, Cement Concrete, Circular, Cladding, Construction, Indoor air quality, Interior, Public, Reinforced concrete, Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects, Wood
Thermory thermally modified timber (TMT) decking, produced with ash.
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Ash, TMT, Modified timber, Thermally modified timber
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Architecture, Ash, Circular, Cladding, Floor, Interior, Thermally modified timber, Thermory, Wood
Ash that has been converted into a thermally modified timber (TMT) by cooking at over 180 degC
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Ash, TMT, Modified timber, Thermally modified timber
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Architecture, Ash, Circular, Cladding, Interior, Thermally modified timber, Wood
Aluminium cladding and oak lined interior on Køge Nord Station footbridge, by architects Cobe and Dissing+Weitling, 2020.
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Aluminium, AlMnMg, 3000 series, 3004 (3104 & 3105) Oak, Sawnwood kiln dried, White oak
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Aluminium, Architecture, Cladding, Cobe Architects, Construction, Dissing+Weitling, Extrusion, Metal, Oak, Public, Wood
Cityring Østerport Station, Copenhagen, features an origami ceiling made up of faceted panels of powder coated aluminium cladding around the skylights, bringing light from the outside in, and cast reinforced concrete structure.
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Aluminium, AlMnMg, 3000 series, 3004 (3104 & 3105) Cement & concrete, RC, Reinforced concrete, Ordinary, prestressed or post-tensioned
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Aluminium, Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Interior, Metal, Powder coat, Public, Reinforced concrete
The Eye Film Museum, Amsterdam, by Delugan Meissl Associated Architects (DMAA), completed April 2012. The outside is clad in Alpolic flame retardant aluminium composite material (ACM). It is a laminated panel, consisting of two 0.5 mm aluminium alloy skins (3105-H14, 3005-H14 or 5005A), anodised and coated (the FR panel is coated with Lumiflontm, a flame retardant fluoropolymer, FEVE), with a mineral filled polyethylene (PE) core. ACM can be flat, or formed, and precisely cut to a profile. It is used in large public buildings, including airports, museums, offices and other demanding high rise projects.
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Aluminium, AlMnMg, 3000 series, 3004 (3104 & 3105) Aluminium, AlMg, 5000 series, 5005 Polyethylene (PE), HDPE, High density, High density polyethylene Fluoropolymer, FEVE, Cofluoropolymer, Fluoroethylene vinyl ether
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Alpolic, Aluminium, Architecture, Cladding, Composite, Construction, Delugan Meissl Associated Architects (DMAA, Fluoropolymer, Metal, Powder coat, Public
Marriott hotels, Paris Charles-de-Gaulle airport, by Manuelle Gautrand Architecture, completed 2022, features a colour powder coated and gloss lacquered aluminium alloy facade.
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Aluminium, AlMgCr, 5000 series, 5052
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Aluminium, Architecture, Cladding, Construction, Corrugated, Metal, Powder coat, Public
CopenHill, also known as Amager Bakke, is a waste-to-energy plant in Copenhagen designed by BIG, completed 2019. The 1.2-metre-tall and 3.3-metre-wide aluminium boxes that are stacked like gigantic bricks are produced by Speira using Tectura Giant 5083 aluminium alloy. Image Hydro.
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Aluminium, AlMgMn, 5000 series, 5083
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Aluminium, Architecture, BIG (Bjarke Ingels Group), Cladding, Metal, Public
Shanghai Poly Grand Theatre, by Tadao Ando, completed 2014, features extruded aluminium interior walls painted to look like wood
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Aluminium, AlMgSiCu, 6000 series, 6061
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Aluminium, Architecture, Cladding, Interior, Paint, Public
Beijing Airport Terminal 3, designed by Foster and Partners and engineered by Arup, completed 2008, features louvres manufactured from extruded aluminium, mounted to a trussed steel roof structure
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Aluminium, AlMgSi, 6000 series, 6063 & 6063A
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Aluminium, Architecture, Arup, Cladding, Construction, Extrusion, Interior, Norman Foster, Paint, Public, Steel, Trussed
Dalian International Conference Center, China, by Coop Himmelb(l)au, completed 2012, features Novelis coil-anodised aluminium cladding, which provides enhanced protection from the marine environment
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Aluminium, AlMg, 5000 series, 5005
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Aluminium, Anodised, Architecture, Cladding, Construction, Coop Himmelb(l)au, Marine, Metal, Novelis, Public
Aluminium cladding on Køge Nord Station footbridge, by architects Cobe and Dissing+Weitling, 2020
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Aluminium, AlMnMg, 3000 series, 3004 (3104 & 3105)
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Aluminium, Architecture, Cladding, Cobe Architects, Construction, Dissing+Weitling, Extrusion, Metal, Public
Aluminium roll formed profiles for automotive and architecture. 3000 series is the most popular aluminium for this type of production
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Aluminium, AlMnMg, 3000 series, 3004 (3104 & 3105)
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Aluminium, Architecture, Automotive, Cladding, Metal, Roll formed
High aspect ratio, hollow extruded aluminium profile
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Aluminium, AlMgSi, 6000 series, 6063 & 6063A
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Aluminium, Architecture, Cladding, Extrusion, Interior, Metal
Beijing Airport Terminal 3, designed by Foster and Partners and engineered by Arup, completed 2008, features louvres manufactured from extruded aluminium, mounted to a trussed steel roof structure
Relevant materials
Aluminium, AlMgSi, 6000 series, 6063 & 6063A
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Aluminium, Architecture, Arup, Cladding, Construction, Extrusion, Interior, Norman Foster, Paint, Public, Steel, Trussed
Architectural corrugated aluminium, press-formed
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Aluminium, AlMnMg, 3000 series, 3004 (3104 & 3105)
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Aluminium, Anodised, Architecture, Cladding, Construction, Corrugated, Extrusion, Interior, Metal
Hall du Deich, Ettelbrück, Luxembourg, by Besch da Costa Architectes, completed 2011, clad in Kalzip gold colour coated extruded aluminium 3004
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Aluminium, AlMnMg, 3000 series, 3004 (3104 & 3105)
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Aluminium, Architecture, Besch da Costa Architectes, Cladding, Construction, Extrusion, Kalzip, Metal, Public
Statoil regional headquarters, Fornebu, Norway, completed 2012, designed by A-lab, features a steel and concrete superstructure, powder coated aluminium skinned composite panels (Etalbond made with 3105 sheet) with integrated insulation, triple-glazed windows and external sun protection
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Aluminium, AlMnMg, 3000 series, 3004 (3104 & 3105)
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A-lab, Aluminium, Architecture, Cladding, Composite, Construction, Etalbond, Metal, Powder coat, Public
Cor-Ten steel expanded mesh cladding covering a carpark
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Alloy steel, Cor-ten, Low alloy steel, Weathering steel
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Alloy steel, Architecture, Cladding, Construction, Cor-Ten, Mesh, Metal, Patina, Pattern, Steel, Weathering steel