Pine

2 usd/kg
Circularity potential
Very high
Strength
Medium
Production energy
Ultra low
Stiffness
Medium
Embodied CO2
Ultra low
Density
Low

Pine ranges from light brown heartwood to white sapwood, with conspicuous growth rings. It has moderate strength and good machining properties – and a distinctive resinous smell when worked. It is a lightweight softwood that comes from evergreen coniferous tress. These trees can be fast growing, which makes them popular for timber plantations – although this can reduce the benefit to environment of these trees removing CO2 from the atmosphere. The wood is used in everything from construction (timber frame, non-structural, engineered wood, plywood, cladding, window frames, doors, interior panelling), through to furniture, wood fibre products and paper. They are vulnerable to decay and so are primarily used indoors. They are treated (pressure-impregnated) to make them rot resistant, but will not last as long as other more hardy species, such as larch, oak and chestnut. Pine tends to be a little stronger and more durable than spruce, which is used in many of the same applications. In Europe, they are differentiated as redwood (ER) and whitewood (EW), respectively.



Pine ranges from light brown heartwood to white sapwood, with conspicuous growth rings. It has moderate strength and good machining properties – and a distinctive resinous smell when worked. It is a lightweight softwood that comes from evergreen coniferous tress. These trees can be fast growing, which makes them popular for timber plantations – although this can reduce the benefit to the environment, diluting the positive impacts of removing CO2 from the atmosphere. The wood is used in everything from construction (timber frame, non-structural, engineered wood, plywood, cladding, window frames, doors, interior panelling), through to furniture, wood fibre products and paper. They are vulnerable to decay and so are primarily used indoors. They are treated (pressure-impregnated) to make them rot resistant, but will not last as long as other more hardy species, such as larch, oak, Douglas fir and chestnut. Pine tends to be a little stronger and more durable than spruce, which is used in many of the same applications. In Europe, they are differentiated as red wood (ER) and white wood (EW), respectively. They may also be distinguished by region, such as in USA and Canada, to indicate quality and speed of growth. Slower grown wood tends to be heavier and stronger.


Design properties
Cost usd/kg
2
Embodied energy MJ/kg
0.7-0.9
Carbon footprint kgCO2e/kg
0.35-0.4
Density kg/m3
350-590
Tensile modulus GPa
10-17
Tensile strength MPa
5-103
Modulus of rupture MPa
59-100
Compressive strength MPa
25-58
Hardness Mohs
1
Janka hardness kN
1.8-3.2
Poissons ratio
0.29-0.44
Thermal expansion (µm/m)/ºC
5.6
Thermal conductivity W/mK
0.13
Temperature min-max °C
-200 to 150
Thermal
insulator
Electrical
insulator