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Basalt
2-2.5 usd/kg
Basalt is a fine-grained igneous rock, formed from the rapid cooling of volcanic lava. It makes up nearly all volcanic rock on earth. Around 50% silica (SiO2), its chemistry is the same as slow-cooling coarse grained gabbro – the exact ingredients will vary according to the location. It is typically dark coloured, including shades of grey, through brown and black.
It is used as stone in sculpture, architecture, construction and road building. Alternatively, it is melted and extruded into a fibre, which is converted into fabrics, felts and composites. The textiles are used as reinforcement in the production of high-strength composites, as high quality sound and thermal insulation, and fireproofing.
Sustainability concerns
Non-renewable ingredients
Raw material generates polluting by-products
Low circularity potential
Basalt rock is mined as a stone that is used in cladding, flooring and sculpture. It is cut and worked like marble, providing a durable and long lasting surface. However, it is porous and so vulnerable to staining. Finishes include polished, honed (smooth matte and slip resistant), brushed (abraded with a wire brush to produce a naturally worn-down appearance), chiseled (grooved surface) and flamed (slightly textured dull finish). It is used as a worktop, countertop, kitchen counter and architectural solid surface material indoors and out.
It is crushed up and used as an aggregate in construction and ballast on railway lines. It is recognised for its impact resistance, abrasion resistance and freeze-thaw durability.
