Air vase by Torafu Architects, 2010. Printed and die cut paper.

The Suru Diari chair is made from Weidmann hardboard (like Masonite), produced with only unbleached wood fibre and water. No adhesive is required - the lignin in the wood binds the cellulose fibres - which means the material has no added formaldehyde (NAF), is plastic-free and is completely biodegradable. This is the raw appearance. For the coloured versions of this product, Suru use a biodegradable milk-based paint, ensuring the product is safe to use and retains its biodegradability.

Dry moulded paper packaging, produced from multiple layers of paper pressed and bonded together with heat. While the raw materials are more expensive than moulded pulp, the production rate is much faster and energy costs are lower. The raw material prices are decreasing as the paper is becoming available from more mills. The challenge is finding paper webs (rolls) with crosswise grain, to ensure high strength and stable packaging when laminated together with the conventional lengthwise grain stock. These examples were produced on an OMG Thermoforming machine.

PaperShell is an innovative laminated paper composite bonded with high-strength bioresin (such as furan). It is a type of high pressure laminate (HPL), made with kraft paper, that can be moulded into 3D parts with precise surfaces. Image PaperShell.