AGood Company Reprtct tempered glass screen protector made with 46% recycled materials. Image AGood Company.

Superfest glass, also called CV-Glas or Ceverit and no longer in production, is known for being extremely durable. It was made with borosilicate glass, chemically strengthened to enhance durability. The process involves submerging the finished glass shape into a molten salt bath (such as potassium nitrate, KNO3) at high temperature. Through a process of ion exchange, smaller ions (sodium, Na) in the substrate are replaced with large ions (potassium, K) from the salt bath. This 'stuffing' creates high levels of compression in the surface. The hard surface provides enhanced resistance to flexural breakage, scratching and thermal shocks. Real-life performance is highly dependent on flaws in the glass. In the case of chemically strengthened glass, damage has to penetrate through the pre-compressed layer to cause failure.
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Borosilicate glass, Glass

Montana Rise kitchen cabinet featuring rolled glass doors

Extruded aluminium lighting, Original Coffee, Copenhagen.

A glass lampshade, vacuum deposition coated to produce a semi-transparent gold colour - like a one-way mirror the thin film coating can only be seen through when brighter on the other side, such as with the bulb illuminated.

3D printed vases in polylactic acid (PLA) by Sheyn. They have a glass insert to allow them to be used for fresh flowers.

Lumisty is a film with a specially textured surface that changes the transparency depending on the angle of view. Based on biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) polyester film, this kind of view control film is used in architecture laminated to glass, interiors, lighting and consumer electronics (privacy film on computer screens).

Stardust particle, by Olafur Eliasson, 2014, is a hanging sculpture made up of a stainless steel structure and thin, partially reflective, vacuum-coated filter glass.

nh light, designed by Neri & Hu for Artemide, features a blown glass diffuser and brass hanging hook

Romeo Moon light, by Philippe Starck for Flos, 1996, features a pressed glass shade over a pressed and acid etched borosilicate diffuser.

Absolut Vodka packaged in transparent glass with clear printed labels. Highly transparent glass, known as flint, appears water clear as a result of the chemistry and purity of the ingredients.
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Soda lime glass, Glass

Recycled glass side table made with Glasskeramik. Image Magna.

Handmade glass vase, mouthblown into a wooden mould.
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Soda lime glass, Glass

DEE Glass Pendant by Bønnelycke MDD for Nordlux, 2016, features a blown glass shade, etched (frosted) to diffuse the light and conceal the light source.
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Soda lime glass, Glass

A Drop D'Issey perfume packaging, by Todd Bracher Studio for Issey Miyake, uses recycled glass. The purity of glass needed for high quality perfume packaging has traditionally prevented the use of recycled glass. This is because the iron impurity in post-consumer recycled (PCR) glass is too high, which affects transparency and shine. With new sorting and manufacturing technology, it is now possible to produce high transparency glass from recycled PCR material. Image Todd Bracher Studio.

Glass sink with matt top coat and white backside colour, to create a feeling of depth and softness in the reflections. It is more difficult to maintain a clean looking surface on a high gloss surface.
Relevant materials
Soda lime glass, Glass

Blown glass bottles with orange painted base. A frosted, or matt, finish, is produced by chemical etching or painting. Chemical etching involves the use of very aggressive ingredients and a great deal of water. As a result, chemical frosting is being phased out and replaced with painting, which is a bit more expensive but much less harmful to people and the planet.
Relevant materials
Soda lime glass, Glass

Maida passata packaged in flint glass with a dipped wax seal
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Soda lime glass, Glass

Handblown mottled glass light shade, made by rolling the hot glass in coloured powder during forming
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Soda lime glass, Glass

Normann Cosmic plates, in hand blown coloured glass
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Soda lime glass, Glass

Beadazzled flexible glass bead wall covering, bonded onto nonwoven polyester fabric, handmade by Maya Romanoff
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Soda lime glass, Glass

Silica aerogel super lightweight foam

Bell & Ross BR 126 Heritage watch featuring a curved anti-reflective sapphire window, CNC machined steel body and calfskin leather strap. The steel is coated black by physical vapour deposition (PVD), to create a very durable colour finish. Image Bell & Ross.

Bell & Ross aviation watch featuring an anti-reflective sapphire window and CNC machined steel body. The steel is coated black by physical vapour deposition (PVD), to create a very durable colour finish. Image Bell & Ross.

Castore suspension light, designed by Michele De Lucchi for Artemide, features a blown glass diffuser with polycarbonate stem

Trælasthuset (The Timber House) is a parking garage in Nordhavn, Copenhagen, by Vilhelm Lauritzen Arkitekter, completed 2002. The cladding consists of laminated glass, recycled aluminium and Thermwood pine.

Copenhagen Opera House, by Henning Larsen, completed 2004, features a stainless steel (1.4435) and laminated glass facade by Waagner Biro, beige Jura Gelb limestone cladding and one of the largest canopy roof structures in the world. The 90 x 158 m roof is based on a low alloy steel box construction covered with 14,000 m2 of standing seam, stainless steel roof panels. The substructure for the 9,000 m2. roof soffit (underside) is a cold formed thin gauge steel structure covered with mat-coated Alucobond composite panels, designed and produced by Grønbech Construction.

Copenhagen Opera House, by Henning Larsen, completed 2004, features a stainless steel (1.4435) and laminated glass facade by Waagner Biro, beige Jura Gelb limestone cladding and one of the largest canopy roof structures in the world. The 90 x 158 m roof is based on a low alloy steel box construction covered with 14,000 m2 of standing seam, stainless steel roof panels. The substructure for the 9,000 m2. roof soffit (underside) is a cold formed thin gauge steel structure covered with mat-coated Alucobond composite panels, designed and produced by Grønbech Construction.

Copenhagen Opera House, by Henning Larsen, completed 2004, features a stainless steel (1.4435) and laminated glass facade by Waagner Biro, beige Jura Gelb limestone cladding and one of the largest canopy roof structures in the world. The 90 x 158 m roof is based on a low alloy steel box construction covered with 14,000 m2 of standing seam, stainless steel roof panels. The substructure for the 9,000 m2. roof soffit (underside) is a cold formed thin gauge steel structure covered with mat-coated Alucobond composite panels, designed and produced by Grønbech Construction.

Miele glass ceramic induction cooktop, made with Schott Ceran, seamlessly integrated into a stainless steel kitchen counter.

Schott Nextrema glass ceramic sheet. It is available in a range of colours, including transparent, translucent white, opaque white, tinted, translucent blue-grey and opaque grey. Due to its robustness at very high temperatures, thermal shock resistance and impermeability to gases, it is used in a range of demanding industrial as well as domestic applications, for things like heating a lighting (sauna, IR-heating), cooking appliances (toasters, grills, microwave), and cover panels (such as for heating elements). Image Schott.

Schott Nextrema glass ceramic sheet. It is available in a range of colours, including transparent, translucent white, opaque white, tinted, translucent blue-grey and opaque grey. Due to its robustness at very high temperatures, thermal shock resistance and impermeability to gases, it is used in a range of demanding industrial as well as domestic applications, for things like heating a lighting (sauna, IR-heating), cooking appliances (toasters, grills, microwave), and cover panels (such as for heating elements). Image Schott.

Corningware Visions glass ceramic cookware. Glass ceramic is the only transparent material capable of going from the freezer directly onto the cooktop, or into the oven - it can tolerate significant thermal shock below around 850 degC. Image Corning.

Bora Pure combined induction cooker top and extractor. Schott Ceran glass ceramic provides a very durable, scratch resistant, low maintenance and hygienic cooktop. Image by Bora.

Siemens glass ceramic cooktop panel, made with Schott Ceran, revealing the glowing heater element below. Transparency allows for a user-friendly design, such as displaying functionality and illuminated controls.

Twill-woven E-glass, laminated with Furan bioresin

The roof of the British Museum Queen Elizabeth II Great Court, London, by Foster & Partners, completed 2000. The largest covered public square in Europe, the roof consists of 3,312 individual panels of glass - no two panels are the same - held within a triangulated steel lattice shell that acts both as primary supporting structure and framing for the glass. The toughened and laminated glass panes are screen printed with a dot matrix pattern (frit) to reduce solar gain.

30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin), London, UK, completed 2003, designed by Norman Foster and the Arup Group, features 5,500 flat glass panels of varying sizes on a steel structure.

Blox by OMA, engineered by Arup, 2018, houses the Danish Architecture Centre, Copenhagen. The fully glazed facade is triple glazed. Frits and coloured glasses are used to improve solar control.

Screen printed and shaped rear window automotive glass. The side windows and rear windows on cars is typically tempered glass, and the windscreen (windshield) is laminated for added protection.

Javits Center, New York, by James Ingo Freed, completed 1986. The mirrored laminated float glass windows are mounted into pre-fabricated steel modules on a space frame structure. The dramatic reflective glazing has since been removed and replaced with insulated, laminated float glass, screen printed with a dot matrix frit pattern, to increase the energy efficiency of the building.

Cover glass, etched and painted on the backside to create a decorate 3D-effect window frame

Shaped laminated glass on the Prada building, Tokyo, Japan, by Herzog & de Meuron

Louvre glass pyramids, Paris, France, by I. M. Pei, completed 1984, are fabricated with laminated, extra clear float glass manufactured by Saint Gobain

Shaped laminated glass on the Prada building, Tokyo, Japan, by Herzog & de Meuron

Chop strand mat (CSM) glass fibre reinforcement.

Stellar Nebula light, designed by BIG (Bjarke Ingels Group) for Artemide, features a handblown crystal glass diffuser, with a PVD (physical vapour deposition) coating to create interference colour

Full lead crystal glass wares cut and polished by Cumbria Crystal. The glass is acid polished to enhance its brilliance while maintaining the detail of the design. Image Cumbria Crystal.

Stilleben concave handmade mouthblown crystal glasses. This type of glass canbe made with thin wall sections, but tends to be a little less hardy in the dishwasher and so items like this are best washed by hand.

The Sapphire Light, by Paul Cocksedge for The Bombay Sapphire Foundation, 2004, features a hand blown crystal glass filled with tonic water - the quinine glowing in the UV light.

Neon lights are typically made from lead crystal glass, which allows them to be easily manipulated into shapes when heated.

Adnet wall mirror, designed by Jacques Adnet for Gubi, 1950, featuring a pigmented cowhide leather frame with burnished brass rivets.

Adnet coffee table, by Jacques Adnet for Gubi, 1950, featuring stitched pigmented leather trim, gilded brass and glass top.

Mirror stitched into vachetta leather frame at Vækst Restaurant, Copenhagen.

Agglomerate cork stopper in transparent blown glass bottle with wax seal

IC light, by Michael Anastassiades for Flos, 2014, features a blown opal glass diffuser and brass frame

Low- and mid-fire ceramics, including earthenware and certain types of stoneware, are compatible with a range of vivid colour glazes

Snippets sample packaging, by Make Material, with specimens packaged in borosilicate glass tubes, held in die-cut polyethylene (PE) foam

Handblown borosilicate glass baubles, with gold leaf.

Display of pigment materials, contained within borosilicate glass test tubes with cork stoppers, by Maria Viftrup

Double-tip glass ampoule for medical and pharmaceutical products. Made from borosilicate glass, they are impermeable and can tolerate the high temperature require for sterilisation. The contents is released by breaking the glass tip.
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Borosilicate glass, Glass

Annular by Todd Bracher Studio. An experimental piece for the fourth edition of Luminaire’s “Love” fundraising auctions to benefit cancer research. Image Todd Bracher Studio.
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Borosilicate glass, Glass

Lemon juicer, pressed from borosilicate glass
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Borosilicate glass, Glass

Borosilicate specimen storage jars, made by lampworking, with a ground hermetic seal. Traditionally used to store chemicals in laboratories and museums, they are also handy in the kitchen.
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Borosilicate glass, Glass

Extruded borosilicate glass profiles, which may be lampworked (formed by hand) into labware and kitchenware. They are also used in architecture and interiors, such as to create dividing walls and features.
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Borosilicate glass, Glass

Guise light, by Stefan Diez for Vibia, featuring an engraved borosilicate diffuser
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Borosilicate glass, Glass

Hay wine glass in borosilicate glass
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Borosilicate glass, Glass

Colour-tinted and frosted glass cover on the backside of the Apple iPhone 15, with aluminium alloy bezel. The glass is coloured throughout, to create a translucent effect and coated on the backside to mask the internals. The aluminium bezel is machined and injection over-moulded.

Chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass mobile phone cover, formed by pressing into a 3D shape.