A house in Sweden by Wingårdhs, featuring a spruce interior treated with Linolie & Pigment satin wood linseed oil. The oil is semi-transparent, revealing the wood grain beneath. Image Linolie & Pigment.
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Spruce, Sawnwood kiln dried
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Architecture, Indoor air quality, Interior, Plant, Spruce, Wood
One of the largest timber structures in Denmark, Marmormolen by Henning Larsen under construction in 2024, is 8 storeys and 28,000 m2. It is constructed with glued laminated timber (glulam) and cross-laminated timber (CLT).
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Spruce, GLT, glulam, Engineered wood, Glued laminated timber Spruce, CLT, Engineered wood, Cross laminated timber Engineered wood, CLT, Panel, Cross laminated timber
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Architecture, Construction, Engineered wood, Glulam, Henning Larsen, Indoor air quality, Mass timber, Public, Spruce, Wood
Spruce laminated veneer lumber (LVL) lamellas.
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Spruce, LVL, Engineered wood, Laminated veneer lumber
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Engineered wood, Interior, Laminated veneer lumber (LVL), Public, Spruce, Wood
Yakisugi (焼杉), sometimes also known as shou sugi ban outside Japan, is a wood burning technique that has been used for centuries in Japan to extend the lifespan of wood in exterior applications. It was conceived before chemical treatments were available as a means of improving the longevity of wood by preventing decay, insect and mould infestation, while making planks more dimensionally stable and improving fire resistance. Typically used for siding and cladding on exteriors, the surface may be sealed and oiled for interior use, furniture and products.
Relevant materials
Spruce, Sawnwood kiln dried
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Architecture, Cladding, Furniture, Indoor air quality, Interior, Spruce, Wood, Yakisugi burnt wood
Structural finger join in glulam engineered wood beams.
Relevant materials
Spruce, GLT, glulam, Engineered wood, Glued laminated timber
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Architecture, Engineered wood, Glulam, Interior, Mass timber, Spruce, Wood, Wood joint
Superwood is spruce impregnated with fungicide and preservative to make it suitable for exterior use. Conventional impregnation applies force to liquid to treat the outermost layer of wood and so any cut or damage exposes the bare timber beneath. Superwood have developed a different technique, which allows them to apply treatment throughout the thickness of the timber, making it more efficient and effective. They take locally sourced spruce and apply the treatment using carbon dioxide (CO2) at temperature and pressure that causes it to become supercritical. In this state, there is no surface tension and the CO2 is able to pass through the wood without resistance, carrying the preservative chemistry and impregnating the wood from within. The colour of the wood is unaffected by the treatment, and will develop a typical silver patina over time, which allows light colour paints and stains to be used.
Relevant materials
Spruce, Sawnwood kiln dried
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Architecture, Cladding, Impregnated wood, Patina, Spruce, Wood
Superwood is spruce impregnated with fungicide and preservative to make it suitable for exterior use. Conventional impregnation applies force to liquid to treat the outermost layer of wood and so any cut or damage exposes the bare timber beneath. Superwood have developed a different technique, which allows them to apply treatment throughout the thickness of the timber, making it more efficient and effective. They take locally sourced spruce and apply the treatment using carbon dioxide (CO2) at temperature and pressure that causes it to become supercritical. In this state, there is no surface tension and the CO2 is able to pass through the wood without resistance, carrying the preservative chemistry and impregnating the wood from within. The colour of the wood is unaffected by the treatment, and will develop a typical silver patina over time, which allows light colour paints and stains to be used.
Relevant materials
Spruce, Sawnwood kiln dried
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Architecture, Cladding, Impregnated wood, Patina, Spruce, Wood
Peikko’s timber-based hybrid construction solutions include a range of standardised connections that enable connecting timber, steel and concrete seamlessly and reliably in large and heavy structures. In this case, a Bramco beam shoe on the end of the glulam beam connects with the Ramco hidden corbel in the vertical, multistorey column.
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Spruce, GLT, glulam, Engineered wood, Glued laminated timber
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Architecture, Construction, Engineered wood, Glulam, Mass timber, Spruce, Wood joint
Thermory thermally modified timber (TMT) cladding, produced with spruce.
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Spruce, Sawnwood kiln dried
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Architecture, Circular, Cladding, Indoor air quality, Interior, Spruce, Thermally modified timber, Thermory, Wood
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL), with all the layers running parallel for maximum strength to weight along the length.
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Spruce, LVL, Engineered wood, Laminated veneer lumber
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Architecture, Construction, Engineered wood, Interior, Mass timber, Spruce, Wood
Spruce decking boards pressure-impregnated with copper-based preservative. It is not a durable material, and will not last long outdoors if left untreated.
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Spruce, Copper impregnated, Modified timber
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Architecture, Construction, Floor, Impregnated wood, Spruce, Wood
Spruce decking boards. It is not a durable material, and will not last long outdoors if left untreated.
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Spruce, Sawnwood kiln dried
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Architecture, Circular, Construction, Floor, Spruce, Wood
Gymnasium glulam roof structure in a gymnasium, by Flexwood
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Spruce, GLT, glulam, Engineered wood, Glued laminated timber
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Architecture, Construction, Engineered wood, Flexwood, Floor, Glulam, Interior, Mass timber, Public, Spruce, Wood
Expo roof, Hannover, Germany, completed 2000, designed by Herzog + Partner, featuring laminated veneer lumber (LVL), glulam triangular braces and solid silver fir uprights. Each of the ten 'umbrellas' covers an area of 1,600 m2 (40 by 40 m) and stands around 26 m high. The wooden elements are fixed together with steel brackets and castings. A waterproof membrane, suspended 50 mm above the roof, protects the wood from being permanently damp.
Relevant materials
Spruce, GLT, glulam, Engineered wood, Glued laminated timber
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Architecture, Construction, Engineered wood, Glulam, Herzog + Partner, Laminated veneer lumber (LVL), Mass timber, Public, Spruce, Wood
Oslo Airport, Norway, completed 1998, designed by Nordic Office of Architecture, features a glulam roof beams, supported by concrete and steel columns.
Relevant materials
Spruce, GLT, glulam, Engineered wood, Glued laminated timber
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Architecture, Cement Concrete, Construction, Engineered wood, Glulam, Interior, Mass timber, Metal casting, Nordic Office, Reinforced concrete, Spruce, Steel
Olso Airport Train Station, completed 2017, designed by Nordic Office of Architecture, features a glulam roof structure.
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Spruce, GLT, glulam, Engineered wood, Glued laminated timber
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Architecture, Construction, Engineered wood, Glulam, Interior, Mass timber, Nordic Office, Public, Spruce, Wood
Corrugated extruded polycarbonate (PC) glazing panel for exterior and interior applications. This system, Akrapan by Akraplast, features a tongue and groove profile to allow multiple panels to slot together, side-by-side. No junction profiles are needed, resulting in a uniform surface.
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Polycarbonate (PC), PC, Engineering plastic, General purpose Spruce, SWPW, Plywood, Softwood plywood
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Architecture, Art, Cladding, Corrugated, Engineered wood, Extrusion, Interior, Plastic, Polycarbonate (PC), Spruce, Transparent
Courtyard door in pine before painting. Timber be used in load bearing applications is machine stress rated (MSR) - graded according to strength class. For example, C16 and C24. Graded timber is generally kiln dried (moisture content is reduced to required levels in a kiln), although can also be wet graded (which is moisture content at ambient levels and not kiln dried).
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Pine, Sawnwood kiln dried, Pine
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Circular, Construction, Interior, Pine, Spruce, Wood, Wood joint
Timber frame house construction modules being assembled in a factory. Made from nailed pine frames, with oriented strand board (OSB) skins, they arrive on-site ready for installation. Lumber to be used in load bearing applications is machine stress rated (MSR). This is a non-destructive method used to check and validate the strength of the timber to a pre-determined load.
Relevant materials
Pine, Sawnwood kiln dried, Pine
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Architecture, Circular, Construction, Pine, Spruce, Wood
Violin front and back. The soundboard (front) is quarter-sawn spruce rough shaped ready for tuning, and the back is figured maple.
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Spruce, Sawnwood kiln dried Maple, Sawnwood kiln dried, Hard maple, sugar maple, rock maple
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Acoustics, Circular, Figured grain, Maple, Music, Product, Spruce, Wood
A swimming pool, built with spruce glulam beams and wood wool cement board (WWCB) panels. The interior is as it was, built 40 years ago - both material are resistant to the humid conditions and require minimal maintenance, if any.
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Engineered wood, WWCB, Panel, Wood wool cement board Spruce, GLT, glulam, Engineered wood, Glued laminated timber
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Architecture, Construction, Engineered wood, Glulam, Interior, Public, Spruce, Wood fibre
Trus Joist (TJI) I-beams for timber frame construction, floors and pre-fabricated modules, produced in continuous lengths from laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with webs in oriented strand board (OSB).
Relevant materials
Engineered wood, OSB, Panel, Oriented strand board, sterling board Spruce, LVL, Engineered wood, Laminated veneer lumber
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Architecture, Construction, Engineered wood, Laminated veneer lumber (LVL), Oriented strand board (OSB), Pine, Spruce, Wood
Timber frame house construction modules being assembled in a factory. Made from nailed pine frames, with oriented strand board (OSB) skins, they arrive on-site ready for installation. Lumber to be used in load bearing applications is machine stress rated (MSR). This is a non-destructive method used to check and validate the strength of the timber to a pre-determined load.
Relevant materials
Engineered wood, OSB, Panel, Oriented strand board, sterling board Pine, Sawnwood kiln dried, Pine
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Architecture, Construction, Engineered wood, Oriented strand board (OSB), Pine, Spruce, Wood
Pfeifer cross laminated timber (CLT). This is a solid, multi-layer timber construction used for load bearing and structural applications. Image Pfeifer.
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Engineered wood, CLT, Panel, Cross laminated timber
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Architecture, Construction, Engineered wood, Interior, Pine, Spruce, Wood
Finger jointed interior structure clad in oriented strand board (OSB).
Relevant materials
Engineered wood, OSB, Panel, Oriented strand board, sterling board
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Architecture, Engineered wood, Interior, Oriented strand board (OSB), Spruce, Wood
Oriented strand board (OSB), also known as sterling board and flakeboard, wall cladding.
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Engineered wood, OSB, Panel, Oriented strand board, sterling board
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Architecture, Cladding, Engineered wood, Furniture, Interior, Oriented strand board (OSB), Pine, Spruce, Wood
Presswood, or pressed wood, is a type of particleboard made up of various recycled wood products - fibre, flour, particles and chips - including damaged logs, wood waste and other wood byproducts. This helps to divert material from landfill. Utilised mainly for reusable pallets, the material is weather-resistant and durable. They are designed to be lighter than traditional hardwood pallets. At the end of its life the material can be recycled.
Relevant materials
Engineered wood, PB, Panel, Particleboard
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Circular, Compression moulded, Engineered wood, Furniture, Pine, Recycled, Spruce, Wood, Wood fibre
Oslo Airport, Norway, completed 1998, designed by Nordic Office of Architecture, features cast low alloy steel supports, powder coated grey, mounted onto concrete columns.
Relevant materials
Cement & concrete, RC, Reinforced concrete, Ordinary, prestressed or post-tensioned Alloy steel, 8620, Low alloy steel Spruce, GLT, glulam, Engineered wood, Glued laminated timber
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Alloy steel, Architecture, Cement Concrete, Construction, Glulam, Metal, Metal casting, Nordic Office, Polyester resin, Powder coat, Public, Reinforced concrete, Spruce, Steel
Cast concrete using wooden shuttering formwork faithfully reproduces the surface grain including knots and fixings. Partly painted grey.
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Cement & concrete, RC, Reinforced concrete, Ordinary, prestressed or post-tensioned
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Architecture, Cement Concrete, Cladding, Construction, Interior, Patina, Pattern, Pine, Spruce, Texture