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Pine
2 usd/kg
Pine ranges from light brown heartwood to white sapwood, with conspicuous growth rings. It has moderate strength and good machining properties – and a distinctive resinous smell when worked. It is a lightweight softwood that comes from evergreen coniferous tress. These trees can be fast growing, which makes them popular for timber plantations – although this can reduce the benefit to environment of these trees removing CO2 from the atmosphere. The wood is used in everything from construction (timber frame, non-structural, engineered wood, plywood, cladding, window frames, doors, interior panelling), through to furniture, wood fibre products and paper. They are vulnerable to decay and so are primarily used indoors. They are treated (pressure-impregnated) to make them rot resistant, but will not last as long as other more hardy species, such as larch, oak and chestnut. Pine tends to be a little stronger and more durable than spruce, which is used in many of the same applications. In Europe, they are differentiated as redwood (ER) and whitewood (EW), respectively.
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There are several other species of spruce traded as spruce-pine-fir (SPF), along with other similar grades of pine and fir. Examples include black spruce (Picea mariana), red spruce (Picea rubens), white spruce (Picea glauca), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmanni), Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa).
These woods share physical and mechanical characteristics, and are used in the same applications as lightweight construction timber, wood fibre and paper pulp. They may be further distinguished by their origin, such as Eastern and Western in USA. In this case, Eastern types are slower grown and so tend to be a little stronger.
Blackboard is produced from strips of spruce-pine-fir (SPF) sandwiched between veneers, or other face material such as high pressure laminate (HPL) or medium density fibreboard (MDF). The advantages of this type of manufactured panel, compared to plywood, are that it is relatively lightweight, uses less adhesive, and can be fixed into on the sides as well as the face (plywood splits relatively easily if screws or nails are inserted into the edge). It is used as a low cost alternative to plywood in applications such as interiors (wardrobes, walls, panelling, storage, doors), furniture, shop fitting and transportation (train carriage partitions, recreation vehicles and lorry trailers). Thickness range from 16 to 50 mm. It is classed as either water boil proof (WBP) or boiling water proof (BWP), or moisture resistant (MR). It is painted, or the surface veneers are replaced, or supplemented, with medium density fibreboard (MDF), high pressure laminate (HPL) or decorative veneer to produce a finished product.
