Circular Materials Fibre Pellets are produced from waste textiles, such as old clothes and production offcuts. The recycled fibres can be used as fibre reinforcement for plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). The fibre-based composite is compatible with conventional plastic manufacturing processes, such as injection and compression moulding. It is suitable for a range of applications including products, packaging, point-of-sale (POS) and fashion accessories. For example, this tray in injection moulded using 25% fibre pellet and 75% recycled PP (rPP). Image Circular Materials.

Inga Plastics are developing a polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), a type of biodegradable polyester, that uses captured CO2 as feedstock. The pilot project used carbon dioxide from a waste incineration plant in Riihimaki, Finland. Here they proved their carbon capture technology, which together with hydrogen is used to produce the intermediate product, methane. Image Inga Plastics.

SEFF hemp fibre for fashion and interiors, softened to resemble cotton. Image SEFF.

Nuvi are developing a range of animal-free leather alternatives from bio-based ingredients. Creta is an innovative material with a soft, supple surface texture made from Champagne chalk. Mamora is made from stone, available in undyed natural shades. Papilio is derived from butterfly pea flowers. The materials are produced on undyed linen-viscose or organic cotton backing materials. They can be coloured, embossed and perforated. They require treatment to be waterproof. Image Nuvi.

Sparxell produce non-toxic and biodegradable pigments from cellulose. Their technology exploits the highly reflective nature of plant-based cellulose. The colour comes from reflected light, so called structural colour, does not fade and can be used in the same contexts as conventional pigments, glitters, and sequins. The company does not use mica, titania or dye, ensuring their pigments have the least impact possible on the environment. Image Sparxell.

Corn Next CN2017 is a starch bioplastic made from corn starch, water and oil. It is suitable for extrusion and injection moulding, food safe and home compostable. CN2017 can break down in as little as 30 days and can degrade in any environment, leaving behind no harmful chemicals. Image Corn Next.

Mitsubishi Forzeas is a compounding resin that uses biodegradable and bio-based polybutylene succinate (bioPBS), mixed with other materials. Each grade has its own unique features and can be used in various applications including packaging, tableware and eating utensils. Image Mitsubishi.

Syklo produce an innovative biocomposite consisting of post consumer recycled (PCR) polypropylene (rPP) combined with recycled paper. The paper is shredded and micro fibrillated (MFC) to create a highly functional additive that provides significant mechanical benefits. It can be injection moulded and provides a bio-based recycled alternative to conventional PP materials in packaging and product applications. Image Syklo.

LYB LyondelBasell CirculenRecover includes a range of products that include up to an impressive 100% post consumer recycled (PCR) content. The scrap is derived from plastic waste via a mechanical recycling process and is suitable for a range of applications in packaging, automotive and products. The range of colours possible depends on the source of scrap. Image LYB LyondelBasell.

Trexel MuCell microcellular foaming technology is used in combination with injection moulding to produce lightweight and durable shoe midsoles. It involves the injection of a supercritical fluid (SCF), typically nitrogen or carbon dioxide, into the molten plastic during the moulding process. This creates a microcellular foam structure within the plastic part, resulting in various benefits such as weight reduction, polymer reduction, reduced warpage and faster cycle times. The sole is moulded directly onto the fabric, finishing the shoe in a single step.

Tecnaro Arbofill materials are made from renewable raw materials and plastics. Aesthetic materials with interesting applications are the result of combining plastic and natural filler materials. Arbofill is suitable for injection moulding processes.

Tecnaro Arboblend combines a range of bio-based plastics, including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), starch, bio-based polyethylene (bio-PE), bio-based polyamides (bio-PA), lignin and natural fibres. The recipe depends on the requirements of the application.

Hexpol produce a range of thermoplastic elastomers with recycled content (rTPE). This includes post industrial recycled (PIR) available in natural colours and suitable for consumer goods, sports equipment, footwear and automotive interior and exterior parts; post consumer recycled (PCR) material available in dark colours, from end of life vehicles and household waste, suitable for automotive exterior and technical parts, safety products and outdoor equipment; and maritime waste from old rope and fishnets available in available in black, blue, green and mint colours.

Sun Circle produce polybutylene succinate (PBS) for packaging, kitchen items and agricultural products. These are biodegradable co-polyesters with properties similar to polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). Typically produced from fossil fuel, it is also possible to make these plastics from bio-based materials, such as through the bacterial fermentation of sugarcane, cassava, and corn. Grades exist that are derived from biomass and are suitable for home composting, without any specialised composting facilities. Image Sun Circle.

Brimstone low carbon cement is produced from calcium silicate rock. Unlike limestone, which is the conventional raw material used in cement production and releases a significant volume of CO2 when processed, calcium silicate doesn’t release CO2. Brimstone produce two products: ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). In addition to the calcium, silicon, iron and aluminum used to make cement, calcium silicate rock contains magnesium. They use this magnesium to passively and permanently remove atmospheric CO2. Image Brimstone.

Boston Metal have developed an electrolytic process, molten oxide electrolysis (MOE), which enables the use of renewable energy sources in the production of steel. This direct approach eliminates several steps in the steelmaking process and does not require coke production, iron ore sintering and pelletising, blast furnace reduction or basic oxygen furnace refinement. Image BMW Group, who have invested in Boston Metal.

Woodoo Augmented Wood uses a patented process to remove lignin from wood and replace it with a bio-based polymer (probably polyurethane). Their products include Slim, a see-through and touch sensitive veneer suitable for automotive and products; Flow which is designed as a flexible veneer-like substrate that the company suggests provides an alternative to leather; and Solid, an engineered wood composite for construction and furniture. Image Woodoo.

Simplifyber produce moulded shoe uppers from a cellulose-based pulp. It is poured into a mould as a liquid and formed into the final shape with heat and pressure, reducing cutting and sewing. The material is made from a mix of wood pulp and other plants and biodegradable additives. It works somewhat similarly to making paper, but the resulting material is strong and durable. The strength comes from an additive derived from food waste, which creates cross-links in the bioplastic structure. It is recyclable with paper. Image Simplifyber.

Continuous cast aluminium alloys from Raffmetal are produced from around 90% recycled scrap aluminium. The carbon footprint of their material is 2.18 kgCO2e/kg according to their life cycle analysis (LCA). This is significantly lower than the European average for aluminium, which is around 6.7 kgCO2e/kg. Image Raffmetal.

VTT, LUT University, and companies (including Borealis) have opened a pilot plant in Finland to process captured CO2 into compounds that can replace fossil raw materials in the production of polypropylene (bio-PP) and polyethylene (bio-PE). At this stage, they are produced at VTT Bioruukki from flue gas carbon dioxide. In the future, the technology can be brought into production wherever bio-based carbon dioxide is produced, such as in forest industry or waste incineration plants.

Good Earth Cotton is a regenerative farming programme that encourages techniques and practices that enhance the ability for soil to sequester more carbon than the entire cotton growth lifecycle emits. Image Good Earth Cotton.

Sirmax Green Isofil recycled polypropylene (rPP), including standard and high performance grades modified with mineral fillers for added stiffness, suitable for automotive interiors, products and packaging. Certified flame retardant versions are available both halogenated and halogen-free. Image Sirmax.

Morssinkhof – Rymoplast recycle polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging and convert it into MOPET rPET suitable for converting back into food contact packaging. MOPET-A, MOPET-Clear and MOPET-Green can be used at 100% for the production of clear, transparent food contact packaging: preforms, bottles and sheet. MOPET rPET is suitable for converting into other polyester products like fibre and injection mouldings. Image Morssinkhof – Rymoplast.

Morssinkhof – Rymoplast recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) suitable for the production of crates, pallets, pipes and plates. They also produce rHDPE blow moulding granulates, known as Mothylene, from well sorted post consumer recycled (PCR) products and packaging. Image Morssinkhof – Rymoplast.

Morssinkhof – Rymoplast Moprylene recycled polypropylene (rPP) is produced with industrial and post-consumer waste, depending on the requirements. Some of the regrinds and compounds are even suitable for the production of food contact packaging. Image Morssinkhof – Rymoplast.

Ravago Ravapura compounds include 50-70% recycled content low density polyethylene (rLDPE), 50-75% recycled content high density polyethylene (rHDPE), 33-50% recycled content polypropylene (rPP), 50-70% recycled content high impact polystyrene (rHIPS), 50-70% recycled content acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (rABS). They are suitable for packaging (non-food contact), electrical, products, furniture and appliances.

Made of Air convert biomass waste streams (such as forestry offcuts and secondary agricultural materials), which have photosynthesised CO2, into a form of biochar through controlled pyrolysis. Burning materials without oxygen means the carbon cannot form CO2 and instead forms biochar. Using their technology the biochar is converted into a functional carbon-rich filler for plastic biocomposites. Biochar has been produced for centuries and is increasingly being used as a fertiliser as well as a way of sequestering carbon in the soil, because the carbon is locked in and it remains stable for hundreds of years. Image Made of Air.

Nature Coatings BioBlack TX is a water-based dispersion featuring a proprietary black pigment from FSC certified wood waste. It provides a direct replacement for petroleum-derived carbon black, with a significantly lower carbon footprint and no toxic chemicals. Image Nature Coatings.

Colourful bio-based plastic by Ornamin using Tecnaro Arboblend with colour masterbatch from Grafe. It is 94% bio-based consisting of a mix of polyesters, natural waxes, minerals and fibres. Image Grafe.

Sequinova sequins and glitter are made with cellulose and are fully biodegradable in water in two months. There are a range of effects and colours, providing an alternative to regular polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester or polyamide (PA), nylon. Image Sequinova.

Tritan Renew by Eastman uses chemically recycled polyester from sources like single use packaging to produce a new engineering copolyester with durable properties suitable for product enclosures, packaging, healthcare and food contact. Image Eastman.

Trexel MuCell microcellular foam injection technology is an innovative manufacturing process used to produce lightweight and cost-effective plastic parts. It involves the injection of a supercritical fluid (SCF), typically nitrogen or carbon dioxide, into the molten plastic during the moulding process. This creates a microcellular foam structure within the plastic part, resulting in various benefits such as weight reduction, polymer reduction, reduced warpage and faster cycle times. Image Trexel.

Borealis produce Bornewable bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) using feedstocks derived from waste, such as used cooking oil. In this way, they do not compete with food. Up to around twice the price of standard PP, bio-PP offers a potentially carbon neutral solution in many applications. Image Borealis.

Campine recycled Polymers (CrP) produce a range of recycled polypropylene (rPP) grades from post production and post consumer recycled (PCR) waste. Image Campine recycled Polymers (CrP).

Fortum produce a range of recycled plastic materials under the trade name Circo including polypropylene (rPP), low density polyethylene (rLDPE) and high density polyethylene (rHDPE). Image Fortum.

Polykemi and their subsidiary Rondo Plast produce a range of recycled plastics, up to 100% recycled ingredients. Grades include polyamide (rPA), nylon, polypropylene (rPP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (rABS) and polycarbonate alloys (rPC/ABS). Image Polykemi.

Recycled polystyrene (PS) panels, including transparent, opaque and coloured, made from waste white goods. They are suitable for furniture, interiors, retail and products. Image Plastiz.

Granulous bio-based composite is made with bioplastic and 40% brewers spent grains (a waste material from the beverage industry). Granulous material is designed and tested to short life applications, can last in dishwasher, repeated uses, with low moisture exposure it can last indefinitely. It is suitable for home composting and will decompose in both soil and sea. Image Granulous.

The feedstock for UBQ is household waste, which is largely comprised of organic materials – everything from food residues and mixed plastics to cardboard, paper, and even dirty diapers, that would have otherwise been sent to landfill or incineration. Metals and minerals, which have high recyclability, are removed and sent over to traditional recycling streams. UBQ’s waste conversion technology breaks down the organic matter into its basic particulate constructs—lignin, cellulose, fibres, and sugars—and then reassembles them into a matrix. Residual plastics present in the waste stream melt and get mixed into the matrix to create a homogeneous and consistent composite thermoplastic material. Image UBQ.

Covestro Makrolon RE is a polycarbonate (PC) produced with some renewable content. Combined with the use of renewable energy, this helps to reduce the carbon footprint. It has identical clarity, and mechanical and visual properties, as regular PC. Image EVBox.

Borealis Borcycle is a recycled polypropylene (rPP) produced from post-consumer recycled (PCR) material. During mechanical recycling the waste plastic is separated by colour to ensure high visual quality material and enable the production of recycled light-coloured rPP. Image Borealis.

PolyVisions DuraPET is a recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET), polyester, derived mainly from waste packaging bottles (>90%). It a transparent polyester derived from consistent quality feedstock with very good visual and mechanical properties.

BrightPlus biodegradable polyester materials, such as polylactic acid (PLA), are suitable for injection moulding, 3D printing, extrusion and other plastic forming processes. As industrially compostable bioplastics they are suitable for packaging, consumer products, prototyping and a range of other applications. Bio-based content ranging from 25% (elastomeric grade) to almost 100%. Image BrightPlus.

Bio-Fed M•Vera bio-based plastics by Akro Plastics are suitable for injection moulding and are used for coffee capsules, cutlery, cosmetic packaging, toys, plant clips and so on. Renewable grades are based on starch, cellulose, polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Fossil-based types include polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polycaprolactone (PCL). The amount of renewable content is tailored to the application. Image Bio-Fed (a branch of Akro Plastics).

Renol from Lignin Industries is a bio-based additive for thermoplastics such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). The lignin used to make the additive is a by-product of the paper pulping industry and is typically burnt for energy generation. As an additive it can bring the carbon footprint down by replacing a proportion of the plastic in moulding and extrusion applications.

Braskem produce bio-based plastics from sugar cane residue. Their portfolio covers polyethylene (bio-PE) including HDPE, LLDPE and LDPE with a renewable content range of 80-100%, used in packaging, cleaning products and toys, for example. And ethylene vinyl acetate (bio-EVA), with a bio-based content of 45-80%, which can be used in products like sports products, shoe soles and toys. Image Welli Bins in I’m Green bio-based EVA.

MGG Polymers, which started out as a joint venture with MBA Polymers, have developed a range of techniques for separating complex post consumer mixed waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). They produce grades of 100% recycled polypropylene (rPP), high impact polystyrene (rHIPS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (rABS) and polycarbonate alloy (rPC/ABS). Image MGG Polymers (Müller-Guttenbrunn Group).

Ecor convert agricultural and post-consumer waste (paper and card) into building materials, providing an alternative to engineered wood panels. Raw materials are processed into usable feedstock via a mechanical pulping process to achieve the desired properties for the pulp. The pulp is then dispersed in water and through controlled processing the lignin acts as a natural glue, like hardboard, binding the fibres together. Image Ecor.

Vegaplac by Bark Cloth is a biocomposite material made up of agricultural waste (palm leaf residue and banana fibre, for example), bound together with bio-based polyurethane resin (bio-PUR).

Made from recycled limestone (calcium carbonate), Karst paper offers a tree-free alternative to regular paper. It is waterproof, non-toxic and recyclable, and on top of that doesn’t use any water, acids or bleach. Image Karst.

Kombinat Konopny produce hemp for a range of fabrics, including blends with cotton, wool and viscose. They are suitable for automotive, interior, fashion and furniture applications.

Nonwoven suede for automotive, products, furniture and interiors made with recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, produced by Kolon Industries.

Green Cast by Madreperla is 100% recycled and recyclable cast polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, sheet. The company’s environmental product declaration (EPD) gives a carbon footprint of 2.13 kgCO2/kg for this material. It is produced with 100% R-MMA, recycled methylmethacrylate monomer produced by Madreperla in Italy. It is available in transparent, as well as a wide range of colours and finishes. Image Madreperla.

NaturePlast produce a range of bio-based and biodegradable polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), as well as bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) and polyethylene (bio-PE). Their materials are suitable for a range of applications spanning packaging, products, automotive and textiles. Image NaturePlast.

FibraQ from BioFiber Tech is a wood fibre filler suitable for mixing with bioplastics and recycled plastic, as well as regular plastics like polypropylene (PP), in the production of bio-based composites. Image BioFiber Tech.

Terratek includes bio-based composites using fibres such as hemp, jute, sisal, bamboo and flax, instead of glass or carbon fibre. Green Dot Bioplastics produce a range of engineering polymers including compostable, flexible (elastomer) and natural fibre-reinforced grades. Image Green Dot Bioplastics.

Corn starch bioplastic disposable food packaging (CornWare) is made with polylactic acid (PLA), which is industrially compostable. Image Element.

Eastman Treva is a partially cellulose-based engineering material made with 45% bio-based ingredients. It has excellent surface gloss, clarity and tactility and is suitable for many of the same applications as polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). It was created to meet the requirements of packaging, eyeglass frames, wearable electronics, headphones and other personal devices and electronics housings and automotive parts. Image Eastman.

Hardboard produced with the wet fibre process, which uses the wood’s natural resins to bond the fibres together. Fundermax hardboard is suitable for general construction, stiffening walls, surface finish for doors, automotive interior trim, packaging and furniture. Image Fundermax.

Ecuran is a high-performance flooring made with bio-based polyurethane (bio-PUR), manufactured primarily from canola oil or castor oil, as well as minerals like chalk. It is free from plasticisers, solvents and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is odourless and non-toxic. Image Wineo Pureline Organic Flooring.

PaperShell is produced with kraft paper laminated with high-strength bio-based resin (such as furan). A kind of high-pressure laminate (HPL), PaperShell have developed a technique for making 3D parts, which makes this technology suitable for a broader range of applications, spanning products, furniture and architecture. Image PaperShell.

MBA Polymers have developed a unique set of processes that enable them to separate mixed plastic waste and convert it into plastic for new products. They produce a range of recycled materials including polypropylene (rPP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (rABS) and polystyrene (rPS). Image MBA Polymers.

Oryzite is a bio-filler produced from rice husk, a byproduct of food production. It is used to reduce the weight, cost and carbon footprint of plastics. Mixed with thermoplastics, such as polypropylene (PP), at up to 85%, it can have many benefits. Applications already include packaging, automotive parts, outdoor equipment, fashion accessories and product enclosures. However, it means the material is unlikely to be recycled end of life. Image Oryzite.

Uluu polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), biodegradable polyester, is produced using farmed seaweed feedstock. Image Uluu.

Algopack produce compostable packaging using seaweed bioplastic, as well as blends of seaweed with other plastics to help reduce the carbon footprint of products. Image Algopack.

Zerocircle produce seaweed-based plastics for packaging films and coatings. They are home compostable and provide an effective barrier to oxygen, water and oil. Image Zerocircle.

Kelpi produce a leakproof seaweed-based coating that is resistant to water and oil. Image Kelpi.

Mylea mushroom leather, made with mycelium, by Mycotech Lab MYCL. Image Mycotech Lab.

AirCarbon polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), biodegradable polyester is produced by Newlight Technologies. They use a novel catalytic process based on microorganisms from the ocean. These microorganisms take oxygen from the air and carbon and hydrogen from methane and CO2, and combine these into molecules that make up PHB polymer. Image Newlight Technologies.

The Virent Bioforming process converts carbohydrate rich feedstocks, such as sugar beet and sugar cane, into bio-based hydrocarbons that can be used as the building blocks for plastics. The bio-based chemistry uses catalytic conversation to provide a drop-in replacement for petroleum derived products in the production of plastic like polyester (PET), nylon (PA) and polyurethane (PUR). Applications range from packaging and moulded products to textiles and films. Image Virent.

Mirel is a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), bio-based and biodegradable polyester, produced by by Telles (dissolved 2012). A semi-crystalline PHA approved for food contact – from frozen foods to boiling water – it is suitable for injection moulding, film extrusion and thermoforming. In addition to packaging materials and food service items, it could be used to replace polystyrene (PS) in electronics packaging applications. Image Telles.

Brewed Protein by Spiber includes fibres, films, and other types of protein-based materials that are manufactured through fermentation (brewing) of plant-based ingredients. Sugars obtained from agricultural products such as sugarcane and corn provide the main feedstock. The finished materials are bio-based, non-toxic and biodegradable in soil and marine environments. Applications include textiles, fashion, garments, faux fur, films and packaging. Image Spiber.

Ecopel Koba faux fur is produced using DuPont Sorona, a partially bio-based polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyester fibre, with up to one-third renewable ingredients.

Polygood panels are manufactured by the Good Plastic Company using 100% post consumer recycled polystyrene (rPS). Image Good Plastic Company.

FabBRICK convert textile waste into tiles, bricks and boards suitable for wall coverings or as finished products such as furniture, interior decoration. Textiles are shredded, mixed with bio-based adhesive and compressed into bricks. Image FabBRICK.

Other Matter is an experimental design studio setup by Jessie French offering algae-based bioplastic products, objects, screens and decals. Decals made with seaweed provide an alternative to the conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used for shops, signage and exhibitions. Image Other Matter / Jessica Maurer.

Sqim Ephea is a flexible mycelium material that offers a sustainable alternative to animal leather and synthetic materials. Image Sqim.

Mogu fabricate modular acoustic panels for interior applications with mycelium grown on a matrix of agricultural residue. Image Mogu.

Even though still in the lab, Galy promise their lab-grown Literally Cotton will be less susceptible to weather and environmental influences, in stable quantities and at stable prices. Instead of harvesting plants, the cells are grown in bioreactor in a process similar to beer brewing. Galy claim their cotton grows ten times faster than conventional cotton, in a process that uses 77% less water, 80% less land and emits 84% less CO2 than traditional cotton manufacturing. Image Galy.

Parvati Valley Hemp Company produce hemp fibre for paper, textiles, garments, hempcrete building materials and lightweight composites. Image Parvati Valley Hemp Company.

LignoPure, a spin-off from the TVT Institute of the TUHH, produce sulphur-free lignin suitable as an ingredient in the production of bio-based plastics and composites. It is under development for a range of manufacturing processes like injection moulding, extrusion, melt spinning and 3D printing. Image LignoPure.

Notpla rigid is a seaweed-based material that can be moulded into utensils, such as forks and ice cream spoons. It is biodegradable and compostable. Image Notpla.

BASF Styropor Ccycled expanded polystyrene (rEPS) is made from raw materials derived from chemically recycling mixed polystyrene (PS) waste. The plastic waste is converted into pyrolysis oil and then fed into BASF’s value chain. Image BASF.

Sabic recycled polypropylene (rPP) impact copolymer, from its Trucircle programme, is made from post-consumer mixed plastic, which is chemically broken down into its molecular building blocks, to create virgin plastics. It is certified as suitable for food contact, as well as frozen foods. Image Unilever.

Smile Plastics Heron collection of recycled sheet materials, produced from high impact polystyrene (HIPS) white goods. Smile Plastics take in waste materials and convert them into large sheets suitable for interior and furniture projects. Image Smile Plastics.

Smile Plastics Earth collection of recycled sheet materials, produced from polyethylene terephthalate (rPET), polyester, packaging. Smile Plastics take in waste materials and convert them into large sheets suitable for interior and furniture projects. Image Smile Plastics.

Foresso timber terrazzo is produced with a mix of wood waste and bio-based epoxy (bio-EP). It is produced by casting and is machined to the desired shape and finish. As a sheet material, it is suitable for interiors and furniture. Image Foresso.

Karuun is a composite made up of 97.5% rattan mixed with adhesive, acrylic-based binder and pigments. It is suitable for use in furniture, interiors and products. Image Karuun.

Papertile wall covering tiles are made with 100% post consumer recycled paper. The product was created by Jasna Sokolovic and Noel O’Connell, founding partners of Dear Human. It is made with waste paper, which is shredded, pulped, pressed into tiles, dried and printed. Image Papertile.

Ottan converts green waste, such as byproducts from food production, into bio-based composite panels. The raw materials are ground, dried and compressed or cast into sheet products suitable for interior applications, such as furniture, lighting and products. Image Ottan.

Organoid surfaces are made with Austrian Alpine hay, harvested by hand on steep mountain slopes at an altitude of over 1,700 m. The hay is cleaned and cut before it is pressed, together with the colourful flower petals of marguerites, roses, cornflowers, heather, lavender and sun flowers, into the final product in several layers. The materials can be fixed to walls or furniture, for example. Image Organoid.

Fabula convert food waste into new materials through a process of grinding and compression moulding with heat. By changing the drying and powdering method, and the temperature during the heat-pressing, a variety of colour, texture and aroma can be achieved. Image Fabula.

Nurel Inzea are bio-based and biodegradable polyesters, up to 85% of which are produced from various bioplastics such as non-genetically modified polylactic acid (PLA) and starch. Image Nurel.

Zume and Solenis teamed up to create a line of PFAS-free packaging that is compostable, made from repurposed natural materials like agricultural waste, and includes a range of hot cup lids, bowls, plates, egg cartons, coffee cup lids, protein trays and yogurt cups. Oil repellency is achieved with a mix of PFAS-free chemistry, including Solenis TopScreen water repellent bio-based wax barrier coatings which is both plastic-free and paraffin-free. Image Zume.

Yulex produce PEFC and FSC certified natural rubber and latex. They provide an alternative to fossil-based synthetic rubbers, such as neoprene and polyurethane. Image Patagonia.

Xylem and GWT wastewater algae comes from cleaning polluted water and provides the raw material for biodegradable polyester such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The innovative RAB system from GWT uses atmospheric CO2 and sunlight to grow algae on a fixed film, conveyer belt that rotates in and out of a wastewater reservoir. Image GWT (Gross-Wen Technologies).

Vivomer by Shellworks is made with the fat of microorganisms found in the soil and sea. The microbes are grown and fermented to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), biodegradable polyester. Once used, Vivomer is easily metabolised by these same microbes so that it can be thrown away like ordinary food waste. Image Haeckels.

Evonik Vestamid Terra bio-based polyamide (bio-PA), nylons are made from castor oil. They are durable, long-lasting and offer demanding applications, for example, in the automotive or textile industries. Typical fields of application are extrusion, injection moulding, fibres, powders, and films. Vestamid Terra PA610 is 62% bio-based and PA1010 is 100%. Image Evonik.

Vegware compostable packaging is made with paper and polylactic acid (PLA) bioplastic. They are certified compostable at industrial facilities. Image Vegware.

UPM Formi EcoAce is a bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) produced from bio-based naphtha, which is made from crude tall oil, a byproduct of the paper pulp process. The bio-composite version contains certified wood fibre (40-60%) or cellulose fibres (30-50%). Based almost entirely on renewable materials, it provides a drop-in replacement for fossil-based PP. It is recyclable and suitable for food contact applications.

Traceless bio-based packaging materials are being developed as a drop-in replacement for conventional fossil-based plastics such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). The material is derived from second-generation biomass which would typically be sold as animal feed. The home compostable materials under development include coatings, films, and rigid packaging. Image Traceless.

TômTex bio-based leather-like material that is made with chitosan – a biopolymer derived from chitin from waste shrimp, crab and lobster shells as well as fish scales – mixed with food waste. Currently under development, it promises to be biodegradable and durable while remaining soft enough to be hand-stitched or machine-sewn. Image TômTex.

ThermHex uses the EconCore developed production technique for creating continuous polypropylene (PP) honeycomb in thicknesses ranging from 3-28 mm. Image ThermHex.

Terralene by FKuR includes a range of partially bio-based polyolefins — polyethylene (bio-PE) and polypropylene (bio-PP) — for extrusion blow moulding, extruded profiles and injection moulding. It is suitable for the production of packaging containers that require odour neutrality, good water barrier properties and chemical resistance. Image FKuR.

Tencel Lyocell by Lenzing is a type of regenerated cellulose fibre, derived from wood pulp. The conventional way of making this type of fibre consumes a lot of nasty chemicals. Lyocell takes a novel approach, using a different chemical system – N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (a form of amine oxide known as NMMO) and water – which allows a virtually closed-loop production system. Lyocell is soft, absorbent and comfortable. It is often combined with a wide other textile fibres such as cotton, polyester, acrylic, wool, and silk to enhance the aesthetics and functionality of fabrics. Lyocell is certified biodegradable and compostable under industrial, home, soil and marine conditions. Image Tencel.

Tectan is made from recycled Tetra Pak beverage cartons — paper and polyethylene (PE) — shredded and converted into injection moulding compound. Image EVD.

Technoform bio-based polyamide (bio-PA), nylon, is produced from castor oil, polymerised into nylon. Image Technoform.

Technipol Bio by Sipol is a range of biodegradable co-polyesters with up to 90% renewable ingredients, based on polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate (PBAT) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), for example. Properties range from low melt-temperature resins suitable as hot melt adhesive (shoe making) to relatively high hardness and high melting temperature bioplastic with performances close to polypropylene (PP). Image Sipol.

Sway seaweed packaging. Cast as transparent films, they offer a renewable and compostable alternative to packaging plastics such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester. Their products include TPSea melt-processable pellets for film extrusion, TPSea Flex which mixes seaweed with bioplastic for bags and wrappers, and prefabricated bags using TPSea Flex. Image Sway.

Super Sap by Entropy Resins is a modified epoxy that contains 15-37% bio based ingredients (bio-EP). These ingredients are sourced from waste streams, such as wood pulp or biofuel production. A range of resins exist, suitable as replacements for conventional petroleum-derived epoxies, from ultra-clear casting through laminating and compression moulding.

Sulapac includes an innovative range of bio-based plastics and composites suitable for injection moulding, thermoforming and 3D printing. Various biodegradable polyesters are blended to ensure optimum properties depending on the requirements. Including wood or other water absorbing additives draws moisture into the plastic and so initiates biodegradation from within, accelerating the composting process. This opens up a wider range of applications, especially within packaging. Ranging from 70-100% renewable ingredients, the materials are industrially compostable and recyclable. Image Sulapac.

Sorona by DuPont is a partially bio-based polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyester. With up to one-third renewable ingredients, it is available as a polyester fibre and injection moulded compound. As such it is suitable for a range of applications, from interior textiles and carpets to faux fur, through product housings and engineering components. Image DuPont.

Soleic partially bio-based and biodegradable polyurethane resin (bio-PUR) by Algenesis. The monomers are created from algae oil and engineered to biodegrade. Currently 52% bio-based, there is development ongoing to increase this to 98%. Image Algenesis.

Arreis, Medex and Medite II medium density fibreboard (MDF) by Roseburg are made with no added formaldehyde (NAF). Using polyurethane resin (PUR) binder, they are suitable for a range of applications, including high moisture areas. Image Roseburg.

Rilsan bio-based polyamide 11 (bio-PA11), nylon, by Arkema is made from castor oil. It is 100% bio-based, suitable for a range of applications and manufacturing processes including extrusion, blow moulding, injection moulding, rotation moulding and 3D printing. Image Arkema.

Rezign bio-based and recycled panels are made with waste textile, flax, hemp and starch-based biodegradable binder. Available in a range of formats, they are suitable for furniture, interiors and acoustic panels. Image Rezign.

ReSound bio-based thermoplastic elastomer (bio-TPE) by Avient (formerly PolyOne) utilise between 40-50% content derived from sugarcane, and offer hardness levels and performance comparable to standard TPE. Image Avient.

Remake paper by Favini is made with 25% leather waste and 40% post-consumer paper. Image Favini.

Reishi fine mycelium fabric by MycoWorks provides an alternative to animal leather and plastic-based textiles made using polyurethane (PU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This luxury mycelium leather that looks and feels like fine animal leather but with much lower environmental impact. Image MycoWorks.

Refit paper by Favini is produced with 15% wool and cotton textile residues and 40% post-consumer paper. Refit wool paper uses the residue of the carding and spinning process, and Refit Cotton takes waste from weaving and spinning cotton. Image Favini.

Recycled carbon fibre (rCF) by Gen 2 Carbon is produced from waste generated in production – around 30% of produced carbon fibre ends up as waste at some point in the process. Companies such as Gen 2 Carbon (formerly ELG Carbon Fibre) convert this waste into rCF. The cost is around 40% less than industrial grade virgin carbon fibre and Gen 2 Carbon, who reclaim carbon fibre by pyrolysis, say their fibre retains 90% of its tensile strength and 100% stiffness. Image Gen 2 Carbon.

Radilon partially bio-based polyamide 610 (bio-PA610), nylon fibre, by Radici is made with sebacic acid derived from castor oil. It contains 63% bio-based monomer. Image Radici.

Plyboo engineered wood panels by Smith and Fong use bamboo in place of wood, bonded with ultra-low emitting formaldehyde (ULEF) adhesive. Bamboo grows with little to no fertilisers, pesticides or irrigation. It is FCS (Forest Stewardship Council) certified and provides a sustainable alternative to wood. Image Smith and Fong.

Piñatex partially bio-based leather-like fabric by Ananas Anam is made up of a nonwoven fabric with 80% pineapple fibre from waste pineapple leaves mixed with 20% polylactic acid (PLA), coated with polyurethane resin (PUR). Image Ananas Anam.

Phact is an amorphous polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a biodegradable polyester produced by CJ Biomaterials, that is suitable for food contact applications including rigid and flexible packaging, food serviceware and other products. Amorphous PHA is relatively soft and rubbery, offering fundamentally different performance characteristics than crystalline or semi-crystalline forms of the biopolymer. It is a bio-based material that is certified for industrial and home compost, soil biodegradable and marine biodegradable. When combined with other bioplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), it enhances the biodegradability and compostability of products. Image CJ Biomaterials.

Pebax bio-based elastomer by Arkema is a polyether block amide (PEBA) produced from castor beans. These are high performance materials with good strength-to-weight, impact resistance, low temperature performance (low cold temperature stiffening), high resistance to fatigue, and good chemical resistance. Image Hoka.

Paptic wood based packaging material is made with a mix of up to 85% wood fibre and bio-based biodegradable fibre. The paper-like material is made with longer fibres than conventional paper to produce a unique set of physical and visual properties. It can be folded, printed and sealed on regular plastic conversion lines, but is disposed along with paper waste at the end of its useful life. Image Paptic.

Ovako products consist of an average of 97.2 % recycled steel scrap (around 800,000 tons per year). Ovako mills recycle their own steel scrap, as well as scrap from downstream manufacturing industries and end of life products. Image Ovako.

Nuatan bio-based plastic from Crafting Plastics is made with polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHA). They are formed by 3D printing, injection moulding, extrusion and CNC machining. They are suitable for industrial composting end of life. Image Crafting Plastics.

Nexis partially bio-based polyamide 610 (bio-PA610), nylon fibre, is made with sebacic acid derived from castor oil. It contains 63% bio-based monomer. Image Nexis.

NatureWorks Ingeo textile are compostable fibres and nonwovens spun from polylactic acid (PLA) suitable for medical and hygiene applications, such as face masks, wipes, medical fabrics and diapers. They are also used in garments and interior textiles, outperforming polyester (PET) in terms of breathability and comfort. Image NatureWorks.

Nativa was launched by Chargeurs Luxury Materials, a leader in luxury combed wool. It is sourced from certified farms in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, North America, Uruguay and Argentina. They comply with strict levels of animal welfare, land management and ethical work policies. Fabrics made with Nativa are 100% traceable from farm to consumer. Image Nativa.

Mylo mushroom leather by Bolt Threads is produced with mycelium, grown in a vertical farming facility powered by 100% renewable energy and transformed it into a material that looks and feels like animal leather. Image Bolt Threads.

MycoComposite by Ecovative is a mushroom material that uses mycelium and agricultural waste to create lightweight composite panels suitable for packaging and interiors. They can be grown as flat panels, or directly into 3D forms such as to make mushroom packaging. Image DelOS.

Mycl Composite by Mycotech Lab is a biodegradable composite made from mushroom mycelium and agricultural waste that grows into 3D shapes. It is used for creating products, interiors, installations and furniture. Image Mycotech Lab.

MuSkin by Life Materials comes from Phellinus ellipsoideus, a gigantic inedible fungus that grows on trees in the subtropical forests. It is made from the outside skin of the mushroom and is suitable for shoes, luggage and accessories. It is very soft and feels like suede. Image Life Materials.

Mirum plant leather by Natural Fiber Welding is plastic-free and made with natural rubber, plant-based oil, natural pigments, and minerals. Image by Natural Fiber Welding (NFW).

Medite Tricoya Extreme is a medium density fibreboard (MDF) by Roseburg with no added formaldehyde (NAF) in combination with acetylated wood fibre. This means the wood is treated with acetic anhydride, resulting in a harder, more dimensionally stable and insect resistant composite. As a result, it can be used in many applications where MDF was previously not suitable — it is guaranteed for 50 years outdoors and 25 years in ground. Image Roseburg.

Masonite hardboard does not require additional adhesive – the lignin already present in the wood acts as a binder. The wet wood fibre mix is laid onto a mesh (similar to paper making) and some of the water pressed out before final high-pressure forming into a panel with heat.

Marmoleum linoleum by Forbo is a floor covering made with solidified linseed oil (from flax) and pine resin, reinforced with jute fibre, and filled with additives such as limestone, cork dust and wood flour. Marmoleum is made with renewable energy and materials for a sustainable and non-toxic product.

Mango Materials bio-based polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) biodegradable polyester provides an alternative to fossil-based synthetics in fashion, textiles and injection moulded products. They are pioneering a process with YOPP+ to convert excess methane into PHA. Image Mango Materials.

Luminy by Total Corbion includes a portfolio of bio-based and industrially compostable polylactic acid (PLA) includes both high heat and standard PLA grades and is used in a wide range of markets from packaging to durable consumer goods and electronics. Image Total Corbion.

Leap is a next-gen leather alternative from Beyond Leather. Currently 89% bio-based, it is made up of a three-layer structure, with a Tencel Lyocell regenerated cellulose backing fabric, apple waste natural rubber blend middle layer that is plastic-free but not 100% bio-based, and partially bio-based polyurethane coating for durability. Image Beyond Leather.

Kvadrat Really materials are produced from recycled textiles collected from production waste, industrial laundries, the fashion industry and Kvadrat’s production and supply chain. The textiles are sorted by colour and re-milled in Denmark. Subsequently, the fibres are either blended into standard products or used to create a nonwoven base for Kvadrat Really materials, such as acoustic solutions and panels for furniture and interiors. The compressed panels are made with 9% bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) and 17% bio-based polyethylene (bio-PE) binder. Image Kvadrat.

NatureWorks Ingeo polylactic acid (PLA) provides compostable packaging for food and beverages such as coffee, dairy, dry foods, produce and bakery goods. It is suitable for ultrasonic welding, such as used to seal coffee pods, which creates an effective oxygen barrier without the need for a secondary packaging. Image NatureWorks.

Hydro Reduxa is a series of low-carbon aluminium alloys. While the average kgCO2/kg for aluminium is around 15, Hydro Reduxa is 4. The reduction is achieved through the use of renewable energy (hydropower) and integrated manufacturing at Hydro‘s plants in Norway. Image Hydro.

Hydro CIRCAL 100R and 75R are recycled aluminium alloys made up of a minimum of 75% post-consumer scrap, such as window frames, doors and facades that have reached the end of their life. The balance being a combination of manufacturing waste and alloying elements to bring it in line with 6060 specification. Hydro CIRCAL 100R has a carbon footprint below 0.5 kgCO2e (according to Hydro internal estimates) and Hydro CIRCAL 75R has a carbon footprint of 1.9 kgCO2e on average according to the company’s EPD. Image Hydro.

Fruitleather is produced from mango waste mixed with additives and finished with a waterproof coating. It is backed with organic cotton to provide strength. This vegan leather is suitable as an alternative to animal leather in many situations, including fashion, footwear and furniture applications. Image Fruitleather.

Forager by Ecovative is a mushroom based leather produced with their AirMycelium technology. Under controlled conditions in vertical farms, the mycelium is grown in and around agricultural byproducts to create dense tissues that mimic flesh, technical foams, or other complex structures for a wide range of applications. Image Ecovative.

Evoco Fates 70-80% bio-based polyurethane foam (bio-PUR) for shoe insoles.

Estane Eco partially bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (bio-TPU) by Lubrizol contains 30-70% bio-based ingredients. They are suitable for textiles, coatings, foams and mouldings. Image Lubrizol.

Ekoa by Lingrove includes a range of flax fibre reinforced composites suitable for processing via standard composite manufacturing techniques such as wet lay-up, compression moulding, infusion and resin transfer moulding (RTM). Flax (linen) is a renewable and sustainable fibre that offers good vibration dampening and high strength to weight in composite applications. Image Lingrove.

Econyl by Aquafil is a regenerated polyamide (PA), nylon, coming entirely from waste that is chemically recycled. This innovative technique is different from conventional mechanical recycling and it guarantees the same quality as standard nylon. Image Aquafil.

Ecogres by Grestel is recycled stoneware is made of non-hazardous recycled materials, derived from ceramic surplus and other additives. The final product contains up to 90% recycled material. Image Grestel.

Ecoboard bio-based panels are made with reed or straw, a byproduct of food production, bonded with no added formaldehyde (NAF) adhesive. The company claims a negative carbon footprint of -0.96 kgCO2/kg if the amount of CO2 sequestered by the raw ingredients is taken into consideration (1.87 kgCO2/kg before production starts). They can be reused and recycled end of life. Image Ecoboard.

Dufaylite recycled paper honeycomb. It is used in packaging, for graphics applications, and in construction as Clayboard (to prevent damage from ground and soil heave under floor slabs and foundations). Image Dufaylite.

Cocoform by Enkev is made up of 60% coconut fibres mixed with 40% natural rubber latex and pressed into 3D shapes. It is suitable for use in things like filters, shoes, upholstery and automotive interior parts. Image Enkev.

Copper mining and smelting have a significant carbon footprint. The global average, according to the International Copper Association (ICA), is 2.3 kgCOe/kg. Boliden low-carbon copper, produced with renewable energy and recycled contents (up to 100%), has a reduced carbon footprint of 1.5 kgCO2e/kg. The primary raw material for Boliden’s recycled copper is used electronics. Image Boliden.

Black cork by Sofalca, also known as insulation cork board (ICB), consists of 100% cork agglomerate that has been expanded in an autoclave to form a solid block bonded together with the natural resins present in the cork. Image Sofalca.

Biotrem disposal tableware is produced from edible wheat bran pressed into plates and bowls. 1 ton of bran yields around 10,000 units. At the end of their life, they are home compostable and breakdown in 30 days. Image Biotrem.

Biopure bio-recycled polyester by Protein Evolution is made from rigid packaging waste and industrial textile strappings. Protein Evolution uses AI-designed enzymes to break down polyester (PET) waste into the raw materials of new polyester that are indistinguishable to the petroleum-derived raw materials used in polyester manufacturing. The process is capable of handling a variety of waste streams, from plastic bottles and clam-shells, to industrial textiles and garments. Image Stella McCartney.

BioPBS polybutylene succinate (PBS) produced in a joint venture between Mitsubishi Chemical Company and PTT Global Chemical Public Company. This grade of biodegradable co-polyester is derived from biomass, such as sugarcane and cassava, and decomposes into water and CO2 with the microorganism under the soil in ambient conditions (30 degC) – it is suitable for home composting and doesn’t require any specialised facilities. PBS has relatively good heat resistance compared to other biodegradable plastics and can be converted into a fibre. It is applied as a coating to paper, such as for disposable coffee cups, as an injection moulding resin and flexible packaging. Image Mitsubishi.

Bio-Glass is a glass panel made from 100% recycled material by Coverings Etc. It is suitable for counters, vanities, walls, bathrooms, exterior cladding and floors. Image Coverings Etc.

Bcomp have developed flax fibre reinforcement solutions, including powerRibs and ampliTex, suitable for processing via standard composite manufacturing techniques such as wet lay-up, compression moulding, infusion and resin transfer moulding (RTM). Flax (linen) is a renewable and sustainable fibre that offers good vibration dampening and high strength to weight in composite applications. Image Bcomp.

Banana fibre paper produced with leftovers from banana agriculture. It is suitable for stationary and packaging. Image Perfect Paper Company.

Balena BioCir partially bio-based thermoplastic elastomer (bio-TPE) contains 50-85% bio-based ingredients. It is suitable for injection moulding, extrusion, and 3D printing with filaments or pellets, and is industrially compostable end of life. Image Balena.

Avantium polyethylene furanoate (PEF), bio-based polyester is suitable as a fossil-free replacement for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, such as in packaging applications. It is recyclable, but not biodegradable. Image Avantium.

DSM Arnitel Eco is a high-performance partially bio-based thermoplastic co-polyester elastomer (bio-TPC) made with rapeseed oil. It is suitable for use in consumer products (providing soft touch in 2k injection moulding applications), sports, textile membranes, automotive, furniture (suspension fabrics) and packaging. Image Sympatex.

Arboform by Tecnaro, also called liquid wood, is made up of around 30% lignosulfonate (LS) – a byproduct of papermaking – 60% fibre and around 10% polylactic acid (PLA) additives. While preparation is not quite the same as for conventional plastics, it can be injection moulded on regular thermoplastic forming machines. The recipe depends on the requirements of the application.

Apilon 52 bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (bio-TPU) by Trinseo contains raw materials from renewable sources and offer the same performance as traditional fossil-based TPUs. This family of materials includes soft and rigid, as well as transparent, grades suitable for fashion and footwear applications. Image Trinseo.

Amorim expanded cork is used as a natural insulation in roofs, walls, floors, internal partitions and ceilings. It is made up of 100% cork, manufactured from scraps bound together with suberin (a waxy substance found in the cork cell walls). The raw materials are broken into small pieces and compressed in an autoclave (high-pressure heating chamber) at around 300 degC.

Akro Plastics Akromid partially bio-based polyamide (bio-PA), is a range of nylons (PA6, PA610, PA11) manufactured from castor oil, corn or sunflower oil, for example. Image Akro Plastics.

AirMycelium developed by Ecovative makes a range of materials possible with mycelium. By carefully guiding the growth pattern of mushroom mycelia it is possible to produce open-cell foam, fabric, leather and food. Image Ecovative.

AgriPlast by Biowert is a bio-based composite of recycled industrial polypropylene (rPP) mixed with up to 75% cellulose fibres obtained from meadow grass. Image Biowert.

Agoprene seaweed foam is primarily made up of ingredients derived from Norwegian kelp, but also some minerals from crab shells and waste from the Norwegian paper industry. Under development as an alternative to petrochemical foams, it is 100% biodegradable and contains no harmful or petroleum-based chemicals. Image Agoprene.