29 Acacia (formerly Fiiba) are developing fibres and textiles from banana production waste. The G9 banana tree only fruits once in its lifetime, after which it is felled and burnt and a new tree is planted in its place. The fibre they produce is aimed at replacing cotton and viscose. Image 29 Acacia.

Accoya wood is modified radiate pine. Through a process of acetylation, the chemical structure of the wood is altered, resulting in a dimensionally stable and extremely durable timber guaranteed for 50 years above ground and 25 years in ground or freshwater. The process does not add any toxins to the environment. Image Accoya.

Agoprene seaweed foam is primarily made up of ingredients derived from Norwegian kelp, but also some minerals from crab shells and waste from the Norwegian paper industry. Under development as an alternative to petrochemical foams, it is 100% biodegradable and contains no harmful or petroleum-based chemicals. Image Agoprene.

Circular Systems Agraloop Biofibre is a textile fibre produced from agricultural products and leftovers, such as hemp, flax, banana and pineapple. Image Circular Systems

AgriPlast by Biowert is a bio-based composite of recycled industrial polypropylene (rPP) mixed with up to 75% cellulose fibres obtained from meadow grass. Image Biowert.

AirCarbon polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), biodegradable polyester is produced by Newlight Technologies. They use a novel catalytic process based on microorganisms from the ocean. These microorganisms take oxygen from the air and carbon and hydrogen from methane and CO2, and combine these into molecules that make up PHB polymer. Image Newlight Technologies.

AirDye is a textile transfer printing technology that uses disperse dyes printed onto a paper carrier. With heat the colour is transferred and fixed to the textile in a single pass saving an estimate 95% of the water, 86% of the energy and up to 84% greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to conventional printing and dyeing. Image Debs.

AirMycelium developed by Ecovative makes a range of materials possible with mycelium. By carefully guiding the growth pattern of mushroom mycelia it is possible to produce open-cell foam, fabric, leather and food. Image Ecovative.

Akro Plastics Akromid partially bio-based polyamide (bio-PA), is a range of nylons (PA6, PA610, PA11) manufactured from castor oil, corn or sunflower oil, for example. Image Akro Plastics.

Algopack produce compostable packaging using seaweed bioplastic, as well as blends of seaweed with other plastics to help reduce the carbon footprint of products. Image Algopack.

AltMat is an Alternative Materials company making fibres and yarns from agricultural waste. The fibres are made from waste from food crops like hemp oil seed, banana fruit and pineapple fruit. They are converted into high quality. textile, or blended, to make fabrics suitable for fashion and interiors. Image AltMat.

Amorim expanded cork is used as a natural insulation in roofs, walls, floors, internal partitions and ceilings. It is made up of 100% cork, manufactured from scraps bound together with suberin (a waxy substance found in the cork cell walls). The raw materials are broken into small pieces and compressed in an autoclave (high-pressure heating chamber) at around 300 degC.

Ampio uses stucco lustro, an age-old Italian technique that creates a bright reflective interior surface. The material for stucco lustro is a mixture of slaked lime and crushed marble. It may be dyed to obtain different colours and mixed with mother of pearl, black sand, gold leaf or other natural additives to obtain a specific effects. Image Ampio.

AMSilk started producing Biosteel Fiber in 2015: a pioneering protein based fibre development that combined high performance properties with sustainability. Today AMSilk produce a range of fibres, from Biosteel to Ultrafine. It is made with biotechnology and is petroleum free. It is completely biodegradable in marine and aerobic conditions, leaving no plastic residue. It is converted into fabric using standard textile manufacturing equipment, turning man-made proteins into fibres for commercial textiles – footwear and garments, bags and wristbands, home textiles and even composites in automobiles. Image AMSilk.

Apilon 52 bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (bio-TPU) by Trinseo contains raw materials from renewable sources and offer the same performance as traditional fossil-based TPUs. This family of materials includes soft and rigid, as well as transparent, grades suitable for fashion and footwear applications. Image Trinseo.

AppleSkin by Vegatex is a synthetic leather produced with a mix of plant-based materials (by-product of apple processing for the beverage industry) mixed with water-based polyurethane resin (PUR) on a Tencel Lyocell, or recycled polyester (rPET), textile backing. Similar materials from Vegatex include LemonSkin made with by-products of apples and lemons from the beverage industry, and BarleySkin made from brewer’s spent grains. Image Vegatex.

Arda Biomaterials created New Grain, a new type of leather alternative that is currently in development, made from brewers’ spent grain (BSG). According to Arda Biomaterials, for every 100 ltr of beer, there are 20 kg of spent grain. The protein and fibre in the waste grain is processed into materials suitable for textiles that can be processed using similar techniques to leather. Image Arda Biomaterials.

Arekapak palm leaf packaging. Made without plastics, coatings or additives, Areca palm leaves are dried and pressed into trays and boxes. Image Arekapak.

DSM Arnitel Eco is a high-performance partially bio-based thermoplastic co-polyester elastomer (bio-TPC) made with rapeseed oil. It is suitable for use in consumer products (providing soft touch in 2k injection moulding applications), sports, textile membranes, automotive, furniture (suspension fabrics) and packaging. Image Sympatex.

Avani compostable bio-based plastic packaging films are produced from starch derived from cassava. It is home compostable and recyclable with paper. Image Avani.

Avantium polyethylene furanoate (PEF), bio-based polyester is suitable as a fossil-free replacement for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, such as in packaging applications. It is recyclable, but not biodegradable. Image Avantium.

B’ZEOS develops sustainable packaging solutions using seaweed as the main biomass source, in particular sargassum extracts. They are in the process of developing flexible films, paper coatings, thermoformable materials, and injection moulding grades for various types of packaging application. Image B’ZEOS.

Modern Synthesis are developing a new class of materials using nanocellulose derived from bacterial fermentation. Komagataeibacter rhaeticus (K. rhaeticus), isolated from kombucha tea, is fed with sugar and in return creates bacterial cellulose (BC). It is produced as a film, which they combine with a natural textile to create a versatile range of non-woven materials. This unique approach to material design allows designers to precisely control the final look, feel and function of the textile, which can be further enhanced with finishing processes and naturally derived coatings. It is offers an animal free and plastic free alternative to leather, as well as other synthetic materials. Image Modern Synthesis.

Balena BioCir partially bio-based thermoplastic elastomer (bio-TPE) contains 50-85% bio-based ingredients. It is suitable for injection moulding, extrusion, and 3D printing with filaments or pellets, and is industrially compostable end of life. Image Balena.

Banana fibre moulded packaging by Papyrus Australia. Banana plantation waste is converted into fibre and biodegradable food packaging products. Image Papyrus Australia.

Banana fibre paper produced with leftovers from banana agriculture. It is suitable for stationary and packaging. Image Perfect Paper Company.

Banana Sylk textile fibre by Embroid is made with fibres extracted from the stem of the banana plant. Sourced from the Southern Eastern State of Tamil Nadu, India’s largest producer of bananas, the fibres are extracted mechanically which avoids the use of chemicals. Image Embroid.

Bananatex fabric is produced from 100% abaca banana fibre. The natural white colour reflects the actual colour of the fibres and is not dyed. An all-natural wax coating can be applied to make the fabric waterproof without compromising its sustainability. Image Bananatex.

Banofi, Ban-o-Fi (banana fibre leather), plant-based leather is made with 50% banana fibres, 30% agricultural waste additives and 20% plastic. The textile is suitable for fashion, furniture, automotive and packaging applications. Image Banofi.

Bark Tex Ugandan barkcloth (tapa textile) from the mutuba tree, produced by beating the bark into a thin flexible sheet, coloured with plant dyes.

BASF Styropor Ccycled expanded polystyrene (rEPS) is made from raw materials derived from chemically recycling mixed polystyrene (PS) waste. The plastic waste is converted into pyrolysis oil and then fed into BASF’s value chain. Image BASF.

Baux acoustic pulp moulded panels. 100% bio-based and compostable, the pulp panels are made with wood pulp, water, wheat (for colour), potato starch, plant-based wax and acid from citrus fruit. Image Baux.

Baux acoustic wood wool cement board made from wood, cement and water. While it has very good acoustic properties for ceiling and walls, it also helps regulate indoor temperature and humidity. Image Baux.

Bcomp have developed flax fibre reinforcement solutions, including powerRibs and ampliTex, suitable for processing via standard composite manufacturing techniques such as wet lay-up, compression moulding, infusion and resin transfer moulding (RTM). Flax (linen) is a renewable and sustainable fibre that offers good vibration dampening and high strength to weight in composite applications. Image Bcomp.

Bear Fiber produce hemp fibre and hemp cotton blends for weaving and knitting. Image Bear Fiber.

Bio-Fed M•Vera bio-based plastics by Akro Plastics are suitable for injection moulding and are used for coffee capsules, cutlery, cosmetic packaging, toys, plant clips and so on. Renewable grades are based on starch, cellulose, polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Fossil-based types include polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polycaprolactone (PCL). The amount of renewable content is tailored to the application. Image Bio-Fed (a branch of Akro Plastics).

Bio-Flex by FKuR is a certified industrially compostable and partially bio-based polylactic acid (PLA) suitable for flexible film applications, such as agricultural, household and hygiene films, but are also used in injection moulded products or thermoformed articles. Image FKuR.

Bio-Glass is a glass panel made from 100% recycled material by Coverings Etc. It is suitable for counters, vanities, walls, bathrooms, exterior cladding and floors. Image Coverings Etc.

Modern Meadow produce a synthetic leather they call Bio-Vera using a mix of recycled and bio-based ingredients. The scaffold structure is created with recycled car tyres. This is infused with Bio-Alloy, which is a mix of plant-based proteins and bio-polyurethane (PUR). A soy-based coating (Bio-Alloy Shield) provides the waterproof and breathable top layer. Image Modern Meadow.

BioBasedTiles by Front (formerly StoneCycling) made with Biomason biocement. With good strength to weight, they offer a low-carbon alternative to Portland cement pre-cast products. Image Front.

Nature Coatings BioBlack TX is a water-based dispersion featuring a proprietary black pigment from FSC certified wood waste. It provides a direct replacement for petroleum-derived carbon black, with a significantly lower carbon footprint and no toxic chemicals. Image Nature Coatings.

Fibre walls by Belén for Kvadrat, 2024. In collaboration with Dynaplak and Huis Veendam, Belén developed an acoustic wall covering based on potato starch binder and wool fibre waste from Kvadrat‘s production. Wall spray and stucco application techniques have been used to create textures and smooth finishes, respectively.

Just BioFiber hemcrete composite building blocks. The hemplime blocks are made with hemp shiv, a proprietary mix of lime, sand and an internal structural composite frame. It’s this frame that enables the blocks to be stacked like Lego. It offers high thermal insulation, breathability and very low carbon footprint. Image Just BioFiber.

BioFoam by Bewi is an expanded polylactic acid (EPLA), providing an alternative to expanded polystyrene (EPS) in packaging applications. Image Bewi.

Biolo bioplastic film packaging manufactured from plant-based polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), biodegradable polyester, and suitable for home composting. Biolo are a subsidiary of Columbia Packaging Group with expertise in flexographic printing and conversion, providing high-quality bag, pouch, and roll stock products. Image Biolo.

Biomason biocement is made with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) produced by microorganisms and provides an alternative to Portland cement. Through a process of microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP), microorganisms react with chemical components to produce minerals suitable as binding agents. As well as having potential as a building material, it is used for reinforcing soils, such as is important for transport infrastructure and sea defences. As an example, Biolith is a precast product consisting of approximately 85% natural aggregate and 15% biocement material. Image Biomason.

BioPBS polybutylene succinate (PBS) produced in a joint venture between Mitsubishi Chemical Company and PTT Global Chemical Public Company. This grade of biodegradable co-polyester is derived from biomass, such as sugarcane and cassava, and decomposes into water and CO2 with the microorganism under the soil in ambient conditions (30 degC) – it is suitable for home composting and doesn’t require any specialised facilities. PBS has relatively good heat resistance compared to other biodegradable plastics and can be converted into a fibre. It is applied as a coating to paper, such as for disposable coffee cups, as an injection moulding resin and flexible packaging. Image Mitsubishi.

BioPuff by Ponda (formerly Saltyco) is a plant-based material that uses bulrush (also known as reed mace). It has a similar structure to feathers and down, providing warm, lightweight and water-resistant natural insulation. It is derived from marshes using paludiculture, an ancient practice of farming on wetlands, such as rewetted peatlands, bogs and fens. About 20 bulrush heads are needed to make enough material for one jacket, and the first rushes are expected to be harvested from the UK site in 2026.

Biopure bio-recycled polyester by Protein Evolution is made from rigid packaging waste and industrial textile strappings. Protein Evolution uses AI-designed enzymes to break down polyester (PET) waste into the raw materials of new polyester that are indistinguishable to the petroleum-derived raw materials used in polyester manufacturing. The process is capable of handling a variety of waste streams, from plastic bottles and clam-shells, to industrial textiles and garments. Image Stella McCartney.

Biotrem disposal tableware is produced from edible wheat bran pressed into plates and bowls. 1 ton of bran yields around 10,000 units. At the end of their life, they are home compostable and breakdown in 30 days. Image Biotrem.

Birla Cellulose produce a range of bio-based fibres for textiles including rayon, viscose, modal and lyocell. Liva Revivia is made with 30% post-consumer recycled material mixed with wood pulp derived cellulose. Image Birla Cellulose.

Black cork by Sofalca, also known as insulation cork board (ICB), consists of 100% cork agglomerate that has been expanded in an autoclave to form a solid block bonded together with the natural resins present in the cork. Image Sofalca.

Blocktexx have developed a chemical recycling technology capable of handling difficult to recycle fabrics made up of cotton and polyester, such as the popular polycotton. Everyday items, such as sheets and clothing, are chemically separated, using a process they call SOFT (separation of fibre technology), to yield raw materials for new textiles and products. Image Blocktexx.

Bloom Labs are developing protein based fibres using food natural waste by-products. Bioplastic pellets are produced from regenerated protein using their proprietary technology and spun into textiles for fashion. Image Bloom Labs.

Copper mining and smelting have a significant carbon footprint. The global average, according to the International Copper Association (ICA), is 2.3 kgCOe/kg. Boliden low-carbon copper, produced with renewable energy and recycled contents (up to 100%), has a reduced carbon footprint of 1.5 kgCO2e/kg. The primary raw material for Boliden’s recycled copper is used electronics. Image Boliden.

Boston Metal have developed an electrolytic process, molten oxide electrolysis (MOE), which enables the use of renewable energy sources in the production of steel. This direct approach eliminates several steps in the steelmaking process and does not require coke production, iron ore sintering and pelletising, blast furnace reduction or basic oxygen furnace refinement. Image BMW Group, who have invested in Boston Metal.

Borealis Borcycle is a recycled polypropylene (rPP) produced from post-consumer recycled (PCR) material. During mechanical recycling the waste plastic is separated by colour to ensure high visual quality material and enable the production of recycled light-coloured rPP. Image Borealis.

Borealis produce Bornewable bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) using feedstocks derived from waste, such as used cooking oil. In this way, they do not compete with food. Up to around twice the price of standard PP, bio-PP offers a potentially carbon neutral solution in many applications. Image Borealis.

Faux fur made using Spiber‘s Brewed Protein bioplastic. This material is produced by genetically engineered microbes in a fermentation process exactly like brewing beer. It has already been used in textiles for fashion and automotive interiors, and has huge potential as a bio-based alternative to fibres derived from animals, petrochemicals and plants. Image Spiber.

Brewed Protein by Spiber includes fibres, films, and other types of protein-based materials that are manufactured through fermentation (brewing) of plant-based ingredients. Sugars obtained from agricultural products such as sugarcane and corn provide the main feedstock. The finished materials are bio-based, non-toxic and biodegradable in soil and marine environments. Applications include textiles, fashion, garments, faux fur, films and packaging. Image Spiber.

BrightPlus biodegradable polyester materials, such as polylactic acid (PLA), are suitable for injection moulding, 3D printing, extrusion and other plastic forming processes. As industrially compostable bioplastics they are suitable for packaging, consumer products, prototyping and a range of other applications. Bio-based content ranging from 25% (elastomeric grade) to almost 100%. Image BrightPlus.

Brimstone low carbon cement is produced from calcium silicate rock. Unlike limestone, which is the conventional raw material used in cement production and releases a significant volume of CO2 when processed, calcium silicate doesn’t release CO2. Brimstone produce two products: ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). In addition to the calcium, silicon, iron and aluminum used to make cement, calcium silicate rock contains magnesium. They use this magnesium to passively and permanently remove atmospheric CO2. Image Brimstone.

Burpol offer a range of 100% recycled polypropylene (rPP) grades suitable for automotive interior parts. They are only available in black or dark colours. This ensure they can use mixed sources of scrap and so helps to manage the cost and impacts of the recycling processes.

Cambia thermally modified timber (TMT) includes a range of wood types that have been physically and chemically modified with heat. Durability is increased and biological resistance to pests and microorganisms is enhanced, without the use of chemical preservatives and insecticides. Cambia thermally modified timber includes American-grown ash and poplar. Image Cambia.

Imbotex Lab Camelux is a blend of waste camel hair (from clothing production) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) produced as a high performance nonwoven insulation material. Image Imbotex Lab.

Campine recycled Polymers (CrP) produce a range of recycled polypropylene (rPP) grades from post production and post consumer recycled (PCR) waste. Image Campine recycled Polymers (CrP).

CanvaLoop fibres for fashion and textiles are produced using agricultural waste from crops such as hemp, banana and pineapple production. The fibres are extracted and processed to make HempLoop (stalks from hemp grown for food and medicine), BanLoop (fibres from the plant stalk), PineLoop (fibres from discarded leaves), NettleLoop (wild Himalayan nettle) and FlaxLoop. Image CanvaLoop.

CarbonBuilt Reversa Binder enables concrete producers to reduce the carbon footprint of their products by an average of 70% relative to GSA national benchmarks, with no compromise to product cost, performance, or plant operations. Reversa Binder is a regionally optimised mix of high-volume industrial byproducts. It is commercially available and being used in projects. Image CarbonBuilt.

Cardia Bioplastics Compostable starch-based bioplastic films for bags, paper coatings and laminates, blow mouldings and cast film. The material is suitable for composting in home or industrial facilities. Image Cardia Bioplastics.

Celium bacterial cellulose leather by Polybion is produced by feeding bacteria with agro-industrial fruit waste. The cellulose structure is a metabolic by-product. Once formed, Celium’s cell-based membrane undergoes a stabilisation process to achieve its high-performance characteristics. Image Polybion/Ganni.

Cellulose fibre insulation by Greenfiber are made with post consumer recycled paper fibre and are free from unhealthy substances such as formaldehyde and asbestos. Image Greenfiber.

Celova micro fibrillated cellulose (MFC) and cellulose powder by Weidmann suitable for converting into paper, textile, barrier coatings, packaging, fibre composites and cement products. Image Weidmann.

Circ have developed a unique hydrothermal process for recycling mixed textiles made up of cotton and polyester, like polycotton. With their technology, it is possible to extract both materials separately and convert them into the raw materials for new fibres. Usually with mixed material recycling, certain ingredients are sacrificed to save one. In this case, both are useable in new textiles and products – the cotton is converted into lyocell. Image Zara.

Circ have developed a unique hydrothermal process for recycling mixed textiles made up of cotton and polyester, like polycotton. With their technology, it is possible to extract both materials separately and convert them into the raw materials for new fibres. Usually with mixed material recycling, certain ingredients are sacrificed to save one. In this case, both are useable in new textiles and products. The polyester is recovered from the mixed waste and converted into TPA and MEG, the building blocks required for new polyester. Image Circ.

Circulose by Renewcell is a regenerated cellulose textile produced from old cotton garments. The waste material is shredded, de-buttoned, de-zipped, de-coloured and turned into a slurry. Contaminants and other non-cellulosic content are separated and removed. The slurry is dried to produce Circulose dissolving pulp, which is used to make new cellulose fibres, such as viscose, lyocell, modal and acetate. The company launched their first factory in 2023 and was declared bankrupt in February 2024. Image Renewcell.

ClayTec clay bricks are suitable for weather-protected load-bearing and semi-structural masonry applications. They are paired with clay mortar. Image ClayTec.

ClayTec dry plasterboard, made of clay and reed, is used for covering wood and wood-based materials as well as old plaster and solid building materials. It helps to improve indoor air quality and regulate temperature. Image ClayTec.

ClayTec clay plasters help to maintain healthy indoor air quality, regulate temperature and balance humidity. Clay plasters adhere to all common substrates used in construction; they are machine-friendly but also easily processed by hand. Image ClayTec.

Cocoform by Enkev is made up of 60% coconut fibres mixed with 40% natural rubber latex and pressed into 3D shapes. It is suitable for use in things like filters, shoes, upholstery and automotive interior parts. Image Enkev.

Cocolok by Enkev is made up of 60% coconut fibres mixed with 40% natural rubber latex and pressed into sheets suitable for packaging, upholstery and insulation. Image Enkev.

Colorifix dyeing technology uses a bio-based process to grow, deposit and fix colour onto textile. A colour target provides the reference for online DNA sequencing, which is inserted into a non-pathogenic microbe. Using renewable feedstocks such as sugars, yeasts, and plant by-products, they grow these genetically modified microorganisms to produce the desired colour. It is transferred onto textiles and fibres using conventional dyeing equipment, but with zero harmful substances and a fraction of the water and energy necessary in conventional dyeing. Since its founding in 2016, they have bought many colours to market including indigos, mauves, pastels and beiges. Image Colorifix.

Colourful bio-based plastic by Ornamin using Tecnaro Arboblend with colour masterbatch from Grafe. It is 94% bio-based consisting of a mix of polyesters, natural waxes, minerals and fibres. Image Grafe.

Compostella wax paper is a greaseproof packaging paper produced with a thin coating of carnauba wax. It is suitable for use with moist foods such as smoked fish, cooked ham and goat’s cheese, as well as sausage, cheese and vegetables. It is unbleached, home compostable and provides a sustainable alternative to paraffin wax-coated or plastic-laminated paper. Image Compostella.

Concrete4Change (C4C) is developing additive materials for concrete that act as carbon carriers. Recycled wood and plastic waste are prepared to become an ‘adsorbent’ that may capture and release CO2. Then, using a process unit, the carrier is loaded with carbon dioxide – mainly utilising CO2 captured from the carbon heavy flue gas from cement production as feedstock. This loaded carrier is mixed into either wet or dry concrete wherein it slowly releases the CO2, allowing for permanent mineralisation. Not only does this mineralisation make the concrete stronger, less cement is required to do the same job. With this technology, C4C also promises 10 times more carbon sequestration than existing approaches for ready-mix concrete. Image Concrete4Change.

Copar wheat straw moulded food packaging, produced from agricultural waste products, is compostable and has no added PFAS. Image Copar.

Corn Next CN2017 is a starch bioplastic made from corn starch, water and oil. It is suitable for extrusion and injection moulding, food safe and home compostable. CN2017 can break down in as little as 30 days and can degrade in any environment, leaving behind no harmful chemicals. Image Corn Next.

CornWall bio-based tiles by Front (formerly StoneCycling) are produced primarily from corn waste using a process developed by Circular Matters. 99.5% bio-based (the 0.5% pigment is biodegradable synthetic) they provide a low-carbon and non-toxic option for interior cladding.

CRAiLAR is an enzymatic process that softens bast fibers of hemp and flax in order to offer fibres similar to cotton. The Crailar process creates a softness to flax and hemp that could never be achieved before, creating products that are similar and even superior to cotton without the negative environmental effects that cotton farming can have. Image CRAiLAR.

Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a type of structural engineered wood used in construction, interiors, furniture and products. Panels are formed from cross-laminated finger-jointed material, to provide a high level of dimensional stability, and are suitable for interior and exterior use. Image Hasslacher.

Crush paper by Favini is made with a mix of paper with 40% recycled fibre and 15% citrus fruit, coconut, cocoa, grapes, cherries, lavender, corn, olive, coffee, kiwi, hazelnuts and almonds – byproducts and waste from agriculture.

Ambercycle have developed a chemical recycling process that converts waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, fibre and textiles into raw materials without any loss of quality. Image Ambercycle.

Denimtex convert waste denim into a stucco wall covering. The textile waste is shredded and mixed with bio-based adhesive. It is sound-absorbing, fire-retardant, moisture-regulating and suitable for almost every surface. Image Denimtex.

The dry molded fiber process, developed by Pulpac, removes most of the water from paper pulp moulding, which helps to increase efficiency, reduce cycle time, and minimise carbon footprint. An independently-validated LCA concluded that dry molded fibre single use cutlery had a carbon footprint of 0.66 kgCO2e/kg – at the low end of moulded pulp. The process uses regular mechanically ground wood fibre pulp, which is air laid to form a nonwoven web, barriers are applied to meet application requirements (coated for water repellency, for example), and it is hot-pressed into three-dimensional products. Applications include packaging and single use cutlery. Image Pulpac.

Dufaylite recycled paper honeycomb. It is used in packaging, for graphics applications, and in construction as Clayboard (to prevent damage from ground and soil heave under floor slabs and foundations). Image Dufaylite.

Durabella terrazzo by Duracryl is a decorative terrazzo floor finish, made of a coloured bio-based binder (biopolymer from castor oil) and marble, calcium carbonate, glass and other non-toxic materials.

PolyVisions DuraPET is a recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET), polyester, derived mainly from waste packaging bottles (>90%). It a transparent polyester derived from consistent quality feedstock with very good visual and mechanical properties.

Dyecoo developed at process for dyeing textiles using recycled CO2. The gas is heated and pressurised to make it supercritical, at which point is has similar density to liquid. A specially developed disperse dye is dissolved into it and applied to fabric. It is quicker and requires much less energy than conventional wet processes. Image Dyecoo.

EarthColors by Archroma is a unique process that extracts colour from non-edible agricultural or herbal byproducts, such as waste leaves and nutshells. Image Archroma.

Earthfilm by Sirane is a paper based packaging film that can be formed into pouches (Earthpouch). Paper is combined with bioplastic to create a recyclable and compostable alternative to regular plastic film packaging. The bioplastic coating provides a barrier to grease, oxygen and moisture, without compromising recyclability. It is also heat-sealable. Image Sirane.

Eastman Treva is a partially cellulose-based engineering material made with 45% bio-based ingredients. It has excellent surface gloss, clarity and tactility and is suitable for many of the same applications as polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). It was created to meet the requirements of packaging, eyeglass frames, wearable electronics, headphones and other personal devices and electronics housings and automotive parts. Image Eastman.

Ecoboard bio-based panels are made with reed or straw, a byproduct of food production, bonded with no added formaldehyde (NAF) adhesive. The company claims a negative carbon footprint of -0.96 kgCO2/kg if the amount of CO2 sequestered by the raw ingredients is taken into consideration (1.87 kgCO2/kg before production starts). They can be reused and recycled end of life. Image Ecoboard.

EcoCork by Secil is a composite of cork aggregate with lime based render or plaster to create a lightweight, insulating and vapour permeable surface finish for interiors.

Ecoflex by BASF is a certified compostable fossil-based polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate (PBAT), a type of co-polyester. Suitable for processing on the same machines as polyethylene (PE) film, it is approved for food contact and can be printed and welded like PE. As well as being used alone in blown film applications, it provides a crucial blend component for the production of plastics from renewable raw materials like polylactic acid (PLA). Image BASF.

EcoFlexy by Cellugy is a cellulose product made through bacterial fermentation of sugar from vegetable waste from agriculture. It has potential as a coating on paper and textiles to enhance properties for packaging applications, for example, such as providing a fossil-free, compostable and recyclable waterproof barrier. Image Cellugy.

Ecogres by Grestel is recycled stoneware is made of non-hazardous recycled materials, derived from ceramic surplus and other additives. The final product contains up to 90% recycled material. Image Grestel.

Econyl by Aquafil is a regenerated polyamide (PA), nylon, coming entirely from waste that is chemically recycled. This innovative technique is different from conventional mechanical recycling and it guarantees the same quality as standard nylon. Image Aquafil.

EcoPaXX by DSM is a high-performance 72% bio-based polyamide (bio-PA410), nylon, that combines low moisture uptake with high mechanical performance. The bio-based content is produce from castor oil and the balance is fossil based. It is suitable for packaging, plumbing and water management systems, household equipment, automotive and electrical. Image DSM.

Ecopel Flur is a plant-based and biodegradable faux fur, free from petrochemicals, and utilising natural dyes, according to Ecopel. Image Ecopel.

Ecopel Koba faux fur is produced using DuPont Sorona, a partially bio-based polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyester fibre, with up to one-third renewable ingredients.

Ecoplas by Greenhope is a biodegradable bio-based plastic made from starch derived from certified fair trade cassava in Indonesia. Image Greenhope.

Ecor convert agricultural and post-consumer waste (paper and card) into building materials, providing an alternative to engineered wood panels. Raw materials are processed into usable feedstock via a mechanical pulping process to achieve the desired properties for the pulp. The pulp is then dispersed in water and through controlled processing the lignin acts as a natural glue, like hardboard, binding the fibres together. Image Ecor.

Ecovio EZ by BASF is compostable foam packaging made up of a mixture of BASF Ecoflex compostable plastic, polylactic acid (PLA) and additives. It provides an alternative to expanded polystyrene (EPS) and is certified compostable in industrial facilities. Image BASF.

Ecovio by BASF is compostable packaging film made up of a mixture of BASF Ecoflex compostable plastic, polylactic acid (PLA) and additives. In contrast to starch-based bioplastics, Ecovio is more resistant to mechanical stress and moisture. It is printable and weldable, and certified compostable in industrial facilities. Image BASF.

Ecovon use coconut husk and sugarcane to create a naturally flame retardant, anti-fungal, binder-free alternative to wood. The husks are processed into panels and bound together by the lignin naturally present in the material. There are no plastics used in production and the materials are fully compostable. Image Ecovon.

Ecuran is a high-performance flooring made with bio-based polyurethane (bio-PUR), manufactured primarily from canola oil or castor oil, as well as minerals like chalk. It is free from plasticisers, solvents and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is odourless and non-toxic. Image Wineo Pureline Organic Flooring.

Eelgrass insulation panels by Søuld are manufactured from sea grass washed up on the seashore. An age-old material converted with modern manufacturing. The compressed eelgrass panels provide excellent acoustic and thermal insulation, help regulate humidity, inherent fire-resistance and low susceptibility to mould and bacteria due to the naturally high content of mineral salts. Image Søuld.

Ekoa by Lingrove includes a range of flax fibre reinforced composites suitable for processing via standard composite manufacturing techniques such as wet lay-up, compression moulding, infusion and resin transfer moulding (RTM). Flax (linen) is a renewable and sustainable fibre that offers good vibration dampening and high strength to weight in composite applications. Image Lingrove.

Ekovilla insulation bat is made from selected newsprint paper into which flame retardants are added. Insulation is suitable for new construction, renovation and additional insulation. Ekovilla is used for the upper and lower floors and walls. Image Ekovilla.

Samsara Eco have developed an almost closed loop process that uses enzymes to attack plastic waste and revert it to its original chemical building blocks. These monomers can be used to make new plastics without any loss of quality. So far they have developed this depolymerisation technique for polyamide (PA), nylon, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester. Image Samsara Eco.

Sqim Ephea is a flexible mycelium material that offers a sustainable alternative to animal leather and synthetic materials. Image Sqim.

Estane Eco partially bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (bio-TPU) by Lubrizol contains 30-70% bio-based ingredients. They are suitable for textiles, coatings, foams and mouldings. Image Lubrizol.

Evertree Next medium density fibreboard (MDF) uses plant-based adhesive derived from local agriculture (rapeseed and sunflower seed). It is classed as no-added formaldehyde (NAF). Image Evertree.

Evo bioplastic by Fulgar is made with a not for feeding castor oil plant grown spontaneously — a renewable resource that does not require high amounts of water nor subtracts arable land for food uses. The fibre is lightweight, moisture wicking and resilient, and available in a range of vivid colours. Image Fulgar.

Evoco Fates 70-80% bio-based polyurethane foam (bio-PUR) for shoe insoles.

Evoware edible and biodegradable seaweed-based film for packaging. Image Evoware.

Extract paper by G.F Smith is produced with paper from recycled coffee cups in partnership with CupCycling. 95% of the coffee cup is paper and so can be recycled. The remaining 5% is a plastic liner, typically polyethylene (PE), which is incinerated for energy recovery in the process. Image G.F Smith.

FabBRICK convert textile waste into tiles, bricks and boards suitable for wall coverings or as finished products such as furniture, interior decoration. Textiles are shredded, mixed with bio-based adhesive and compressed into bricks. Image FabBRICK.

Fabula convert food waste into new materials through a process of grinding and compression moulding with heat. By changing the drying and powdering method, and the temperature during the heat-pressing, a variety of colour, texture and aroma can be achieved. Image Fabula.

FENC Topgreen recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) is produced from post-consumer waste bottles. Converted into textile it is coloured using supercritical CO2, reducing the use of water and solvents. Image FENC (Far Eastern New Century Corporation).

Archroma take mixed waste textiles including cellulose, nylon and their blends, and convert these into dyestuff. The colours are synthesised with a minimum content of 50% waste-based raw material. The FiberColors range comprises of five dyes, covering a palette of natural shades including brown, olive, bordeaux, blue-grey and dark grey. Image Archroma.

Fibralux NAF medium density fibreboard (MDF) produced by Unilin is made with recycled fibres (including MDF panels) and uses no added formaldehyde (NAF) adhesive. Image Unilin.

FibraQ from BioFiber Tech is a wood fibre filler suitable for mixing with bioplastics and recycled plastic, as well as regular plastics like polypropylene (PP), in the production of bio-based composites. Image BioFiber Tech.

FibreForm thermo-formable paper packaging material by Billerud. Produced with a modified type of kraft pulp, it is more formable than regular paper, and can be shaped into trays, blister packs and pouches. Image Billerud.

Finex cellulose fibre by Sateri is produced with up to 50% recycled content. Their regenerated cellulose fibres are certified by TUV Austria to be biodegradable in soil, water and marine environments, as well as home compostable. Image Sateri.

Linoleum tiles by Dzek in collaboration with designer Christien Meindertsma. It is a bio-based product that promotes a healthy indoor environment made with solidified linseed oil (from flax) and pine resin, filled with additives such as limestone, cork dust and wood flour. Image Dzek.

Flexi-Hex honeycomb paper mesh for packaging. Image Flexi-Hex.

Flupis by Hellbut is made from recycled paper mixed with starch. It is foamed with steam to produce loose fill packaging. It is compostable and recyclable. Image Hellbut.

The Food Textile project takes waste food products and converts them into dye that is compatible with cotton fabrics. Image Food Textile.

Forager by Ecovative is a mushroom based leather produced with their AirMycelium technology. Under controlled conditions in vertical farms, the mycelium is grown in and around agricultural byproducts to create dense tissues that mimic flesh, technical foams, or other complex structures for a wide range of applications. Image Ecovative.

Foresso timber terrazzo is produced with a mix of wood waste and bio-based epoxy (bio-EP). It is produced by casting and is machined to the desired shape and finish. As a sheet material, it is suitable for interiors and furniture. Image Foresso.

Forest Film labels by UPM Raflatac are made from wood-based raw materials. Crude tall oil, a by-product of the paper pulping process is converted into bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) and polyethylene (bio-PE), cutting out the use of fossil fuels. Made from renewable ingredients, these bio-based plastics are fully recyclable along with fossil types. Image UPM Raflatac.

Fortera take industrial CO2 emissions and convert them into reactive calcium carbonate (RCC). Their RCC, which is names ReAct, can be blended with traditional cement or used as a stand alone cement. It is a precipitated calcium carbonate polymorph, which can be blended into ASTM C150, C595, or C1157 cements or mixed into concrete during batching. Image Fortera.

Fortum produce a range of recycled plastic materials under the trade name Circo including polypropylene (rPP), low density polyethylene (rLDPE) and high density polyethylene (rHDPE). Image Fortum.

Mitsubishi Forzeas is a compounding resin that uses biodegradable and bio-based polybutylene succinate (bioPBS), mixed with other materials. Each grade has its own unique features and can be used in various applications including packaging, tableware and eating utensils. Image Mitsubishi.

Foxfibre is a naturally coloured organic cotton from Sally Fox who was the first to grow organic cotton at scale in US. The cotton breeds she has developed grow in a range of colours and so avoid all the nasty chemicals and water usage associated with dyeing. Image Sally Fox.

Paper packaging from 100% unbleached and uncoated, calendered kraft paper, suitable for frozen foods. Introduced by FRoSTA in 2020, it costs 0.2 usd more per pack, and there is a risk of tearing on defrosting, but saves 320 tons plastic per year at FRoSTA alone. Image FRoSTA.

Fruitleather is produced from mango waste mixed with additives and finished with a waterproof coating. It is backed with organic cotton to provide strength. This vegan leather is suitable as an alternative to animal leather in many situations, including fashion, footwear and furniture applications. Image Fruitleather.

Hardboard produced with the wet fibre process, which uses the wood’s natural resins to bond the fibres together. Fundermax hardboard is suitable for general construction, stiffening walls, surface finish for doors, automotive interior trim, packaging and furniture. Image Fundermax.

Even though still in the lab, Galy promise their lab-grown Literally Cotton will be less susceptible to weather and environmental influences, in stable quantities and at stable prices. Instead of harvesting plants, the cells are grown in bioreactor in a process similar to beer brewing. Galy claim their cotton grows ten times faster than conventional cotton, in a process that uses 77% less water, 80% less land and emits 84% less CO2 than traditional cotton manufacturing. Image Galy.

Geami WrapPak honeycomb mesh paper wrapping by Ranpak. Image Ranpak.

GeoWise GeoBag stand-up pouch made with paper and polylactic acid (PLA). This combination is fossil-free and suitable for industrial compositing. Image GeoWise.

Glued laminated timber (GLT) is a type of structural engineered wood used in construction, interiors, furniture and products. Parallel lengths of kiln-dried timber are laminated together to form predictable structural ceiling beams, support posts, lintels, girders and main weight-bearing structures in roofs, rafters, overhanging roof structural elements, and terrace and balcony structures. Image Arcwood.

Gmund Bier paper is made with a mix of wood fibre and leftovers from beer productions, including hops, malt and yeast. Distributed by G.F Smith. Image Gmund.

Gmund Bio Cycle paper is made with a mix of wood fibre and up to 50% recycled plant fibre, such as wheat straw, grass, cotton and hemp. It is compostable and recyclable end of life. Distributed by G.F Smith. Image Gmund.

Gmund cotton paper made with 100% cotton, distributed by G.F Smith. Image Gmund.

Good Earth Cotton is a regenerative farming programme that encourages techniques and practices that enhance the ability for soil to sequester more carbon than the entire cotton growth lifecycle emits. Image Good Earth Cotton.

Gramitherm grass insulation panel are made with waste grass and provide a natural, renewable and sustainable alternative to synthetic insulation for new builds and renovation projects. Image Gramitherm.

Granulous bio-based composite is made with bioplastic and 40% brewers spent grains (a waste material from the beverage industry). Granulous material is designed and tested to short life applications, can last in dishwasher, repeated uses, with low moisture exposure it can last indefinitely. It is suitable for home composting and will decompose in both soil and sea. Image Granulous.

GrapeSkin synthetic leather by Vegea is made using by-products from wine making in Italy. The solid remains of grapes after pressing (known as pomace this include the skins, pulp, seeds and stems) are combined with vegetable oil and water-based polyurethane resin (PUR). It is coated onto cotton fabric or recycled polyester (rPET). The finished material comprises around 55% grape waste. Image MoEa.

Grasspaper (Graspapier) by Creapaper is paper made from wood fibre mixed with 30-50% grass and is suitable for packaging and stationary. Replacing some of the wood pulp with grass saves water, energy and CO2. Image Creapaper.

Green Blade banana trunk veneer by FIBandCO. A byproduct of banana production, the trunks are sliced and converted into veneer without the use of adhesive. Image FIBandCO.

Green Cast by Madreperla is 100% recycled and recyclable cast polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, sheet. The company’s environmental product declaration (EPD) gives a carbon footprint of 2.13 kgCO2/kg for this material. It is produced with 100% R-MMA, recycled methylmethacrylate monomer produced by Madreperla in Italy. It is available in transparent, as well as a wide range of colours and finishes. Image Madreperla.

Green Cell Foam by KTM Industries is a starch-based bioplastic derived from corn. It provides an compostable alternative to expanded polystyrene (EPS) and expanded polylactic acid (PLA) in packaging applications. Image KTM Industries.

Green Whisper banana fibre is produced from waste banana trunks, leftover from food production, and mixed with a percentage of cotton. 100% bio-based and biodegradable. Image Green Whisper.

Gutex wood fibre insulation panels and loose fill provide a sustainable alternative to synthetic materials for thermal and acoustic applications in walls, ceilings and roofs. The panels are breathable, recyclable and compostable. Image Gutex.

Havelock sheep wool insulation is produced with 100% wool, no synthetic additives or binders, and are bonded with a needle punching, not chemicals. Image Havelock.

HeiQ AeoniQ is made from cellulose feedstock, which ranges from natural materials to waste textiles. HeiQ AeoniQ have developed a gentle, PH-neutral chemistry and >99% of the water is recycled in the process. This is different from conventional regenerated cellulose production, which relies on some hazardous chemicals and solvents to extract and spin the cellulose, and it is not a closed loop process. HeiQ AeoniQ fibre has similar elongation and tenacity to polyester (PET). Image HeiQ AeoniQ.

Hemp fibre corrugated sheets by Margent Farm are made up of hemp bound with a sugar based resin made entirely from agricultural waste (bio-based resin that mainly consists of corn cob, oat hulls, bagasse). As cladding for interior and external application, they provide a natural alternative to corrugated steel, PVC, bitumen and cement. Image Margent Farm.

Parvati Valley Hemp Company produce hemp fibre for paper, textiles, garments, hempcrete building materials and lightweight composites. Image Parvati Valley Hemp Company.

Hemp fibre and hempcrete building materials by von Hanf including blocks, sheets and panels. The combination of hemp and lime produces a lightweight, breathable, fire-proof, insulating and sustainable building material. Image von Hanf.

Hemptex India is a collaboration between CanvaLoop and Boheco (Bombay Hemp Company Private Limited). Their objective is to utilise agro-waste and make affordable & functional materials for sustainable fashion industry, while supporting local communities. The hemp fibre can be used for textiles for upholstery, apparel, accessories, shoes, furniture, performance wear and more. Image Definitely Curry.

HempWood engineered flooring by Fibonacci is a durable flooring product that is made with a no-added formaldehyde (NAF) soy-based adhesive resin system. The flooring product consists of a 4 mm HempWood veneer bonded to a 12 mm hardwood Purebond plywood manufactured by Columbia Forest Products, also made with NAF soy-based adhesive resin. Image HempWood.

HempWool batt insulation by Hempitecture is a thermal insulation building material. Made of 90% natural fibres, free from volatile organic compounds (VOC) and non-toxic. Image Hempitecture.

Hexacomb paper honeycomb used in packaging and as a core material in sandwich packaging. Image Hexacomb.

Hexpol produce a range of thermoplastic elastomers with recycled content (rTPE). This includes post industrial recycled (PIR) available in natural colours and suitable for consumer goods, sports equipment, footwear and automotive interior and exterior parts; post consumer recycled (PCR) material available in dark colours, from end of life vehicles and household waste, suitable for automotive exterior and technical parts, safety products and outdoor equipment; and maritime waste from old rope and fishnets available in available in black, blue, green and mint colours.

Himalayan Wild Fibers produce textiles from the bast fibre of wild-harvested Himalayan giant nettle plants. Image Himalayan Wild Fibers.

Honext recycled paper construction panels are produced from sludge waste from paper mills and post-consumer cardboard waste. The wet fibres are mixed with proprietary additives and pressed into a wet board, which is dried with heat to form the finished product. They provide an alternative to plywood, engineered wood panels and gypsum plasterboard. Image Honext.

HUID are developing packaging materials from onion skins. Their developments include Pyber card-like material made from biologically processed onion skin fibres and Cellofil flexible film designed as an alternative to plastic packaging films such as low density polyethylene (LDPE). Image HUID.

Hunton wood fibre insulation panels and loose fill provide a sustainable alternative to synthetic materials for thermal and acoustic applications in walls, ceilings and roofs. The panels are breathable, recyclable and compostable. Image Hunton.

Huue are developing a process that use specially engineered bacteria to convert natural sugars into indigo dye. By mimicking the natural processes used by plants to create colour, they are able to produce indigo without the use of hazardous chemistry or petroleum-derived ingredients. Image Huue.

Hydro CIRCAL 100R and 75R are recycled aluminium alloys made up of a minimum of 75% post-consumer scrap, such as window frames, doors and facades that have reached the end of their life. The balance being a combination of manufacturing waste and alloying elements to bring it in line with 6060 specification. Hydro CIRCAL 100R has a carbon footprint below 0.5 kgCO2e (according to Hydro internal estimates) and Hydro CIRCAL 75R has a carbon footprint of 1.9 kgCO2e on average according to the company’s EPD. Image Hydro.

Hydro Reduxa is a series of low-carbon aluminium alloys. While the average kgCO2/kg for aluminium is around 15, Hydro Reduxa is 4. The reduction is achieved through the use of renewable energy (hydropower) and integrated manufacturing at Hydro‘s plants in Norway. Image Hydro.

Braskem produce bio-based plastics from sugar cane residue. Their portfolio covers polyethylene (bio-PE) including HDPE, LLDPE and LDPE with a renewable content range of 80-100%, used in packaging, cleaning products and toys, for example. And ethylene vinyl acetate (bio-EVA), with a bio-based content of 45-80%, which can be used in products like sports products, shoe soles and toys. Image Welli Bins in I’m Green bio-based EVA.

Imogo have developed a precise technique for digital printing dye and finishing treatments onto textiles using spray application. Compared to conventional dyeing the Imogo process reduces water, chemical and energy consumption by more than 90%. It uses reactive dyes and is compatible with woven, knitted and nonwoven fabrics. The same technology is used to bleach cellulose based fabrics as well as apply water-based finishes to textiles. Image Imogo / Spinnova.

IndiDye colourants are made from renewable resources primarily based on by-products and waste. No hazardous chemicals are used and they are completely free from petrochemicals. IndiDye natural plant dyes are manufactured in a water-based extraction process or by natural fermentation, and biodegradable without any chemicals that are harmful to planet or people. Image IndiDye.

Infinna (Infinited Fiber Company) take mixed textile waste with high cotton (or cellulose) content and chemically recycle it with urea to produce new regenerated cellulose carbamate fibre. A range of fabrics are possible, from 50-100% Infinna, including denim, jersey, terry and woven fabric. Image Infinna.

Inga Plastics are developing a polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), a type of biodegradable polyester, that uses captured CO2 as feedstock. The pilot project used carbon dioxide from a waste incineration plant in Riihimaki, Finland. Here they proved their carbon capture technology, which together with hydrogen is used to produce the intermediate product, methane. Image Inga Plastics.

NatureWorks Ingeo polylactic acid (PLA) provides compostable packaging for food and beverages such as coffee, dairy, dry foods, produce and bakery goods. It is suitable for ultrasonic welding, such as used to seal coffee pods, which creates an effective oxygen barrier without the need for a secondary packaging. Image NatureWorks.

Ioncell regenerated cellulose fibre is the result of a collaboration between Aalto University and the University of Helsinki. The process utilises an ionic liquid solvent to dissolve cellulose. Once dissolved, the cellulose is converted using dry-jet wet spinning technology. The only chemicals applied are the non-toxic ionic liquid and water. They are both re-circulated in the process in a closed loop. Image Ioncell.

IsoHemp hemp blocks (also called hemplime and hempcrete) are particularly suitable for the construction of residential houses, for lining existing walls from the inside or outside, as well as for industrial and flat partitioning. It offers high thermal insulation, breathability and very low carbon footprint. Image IsoHemp.

Jackon Insulation have developed a recycled and partially bio-based insulation panel, Jackoboard Ligno, with a core made of lignin and recycled polystyrene foam (rPS). The lignin biopolymer is made from renewable raw materials, a by-product of the paper industry. Using recycled general purpose polystyrene (rGPPS) in the extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) and bio-based lignin in the core reduces the carbon footprint of the panel by more than 60%, according to the company.

The Kenoteq K-Briq is produced from recycled materials – such as plasterboard, brick, stone, rubble and mortar – mixed with a non-toxic binder. The mix is compressed at high pressure and cured, as opposed to being fired like conventional clay products. The use of recycled material and eliminating firing helps to ensure minimal energy and CO2 emissions. The building brick a carbon footprint of only 0.02 kgCO2, which equals around 1 kg CO2/m2. This is 95% less than a conventional clay brick or slip. Image Kenoteq.

Kaneka produce bio-based and biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as Green Planet. It is suitable for a range of applications include foam packaging, disposable cutlery, single use packaging and reusable food packaging (such as these in-flight meal container served on JAL’s international flights). The colour of the container comes from natural minerals, which means that both materials and colour additive are fossil-free. Image Kaneka.

Made from recycled limestone (calcium carbonate), Karst paper offers a tree-free alternative to regular paper. It is waterproof, non-toxic and recyclable, and on top of that doesn’t use any water, acids or bleach. Image Karst.

Karuun is a composite made up of 97.5% rattan mixed with adhesive, acrylic-based binder and pigments. It is suitable for use in furniture, interiors and products. Image Karuun.

Keim mineral silicate paints are made with non-toxic natural ingredients and mineral pigments. Applied to masonry, the paint forms a permanent chemical bond between the pigment and substrate, creating a long lasting and colourfast coating that is breathable, noncombustible and water resistant. The surface is inherently resistant to fungi, algae and mould growth resulting in a hygienic and beautiful finish. Image Keim.

Kelpi produce a leakproof seaweed-based coating that is resistant to water and oil. Image Kelpi.

Kelsun by Keel Labs is a textile fibre based on seaweed bioplastic. It is made with over 75% kelp, which goes through an extraction process to isolate the biopolymer. It is combined with proprietary additives to make it look and feel like a fashion textile, and spun into filaments. Image Keel Labs.

Kintra polybutylene succinate (PBS), bio-based and biodegradable polyester fibre, is produced from the fermentation of sugars derived from wheat and corn. PBS is tuneable and can be spun on the same equipment used for polyester (PET). While its performance is similar to polyester and nylon, it biodegrades in industrial composting environments. Image Kintra.

Wheatboard by Kirei provides an alternative to medium density fibreboard (MDF), plywood and particleboard. It is produced from agricultural waste (wheat stalks) pressed into panels with polyurethane resin (PUR) binder – so no added formaldehyde (NAF). It is used in manufacture of cabinets, millwork, furniture, and subflooring, for example. Image Kirei.

Knauf EcoBatt glass wool insulation contains at least 50% recycled contents and is bound with a bio-based and formaldehyde-free binder. Image Knauf.

Nonwoven suede for automotive, products, furniture and interiors made with recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, produced by Kolon Industries.

Kombinat Konopny produce hemp for a range of fabrics, including blends with cotton, wool and viscose. They are suitable for automotive, interior, fashion and furniture applications.

Kvadrat Really materials are produced from recycled textiles collected from production waste, industrial laundries, the fashion industry and Kvadrat’s production and supply chain. The textiles are sorted by colour and re-milled in Denmark. Subsequently, the fibres are either blended into standard products or used to create a nonwoven base for Kvadrat Really materials, such as acoustic solutions and panels for furniture and interiors. The compressed panels are made with 9% bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) and 17% bio-based polyethylene (bio-PE) binder. Image Kvadrat.

Lactips is a promising technology development based on 100% bio-sourced casein-based plastic-like material that is biodegradable in water and home compostable. Derived from milk protein, it is not classed as a plastic, and is being developed as a plastic-free packaging film and coating solution for paper or cardboard packaging with a view to strengthening the protection and conservation of food products without impacting their recycling or compostability. Image BASF.

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is a type of structural engineered wood used in construction, interiors, furniture and products. It is produced from layers of veneer glued together with high-strength adhesive. For example, spruce LVL is typically made with 3 mm thick veneers. Depending on the LVL product, veneers are laminated with the grain running parallel, or some are cross-laminated. Very large panels are possible up to 2.5 x 25 m or more. Image Puuinfo.

Leap is a next-gen leather alternative from Beyond Leather. Currently 89% bio-based, it is made up of a three-layer structure, with a Tencel Lyocell regenerated cellulose backing fabric, apple waste natural rubber blend middle layer that is plastic-free but not 100% bio-based, and partially bio-based polyurethane coating for durability. Image Beyond Leather.

A natural blend of clay, loam, sand and fibres, BC Materials clay plaster and paint provide a healthy, breathable finish for internal walls and ceilings. Léém clay paint is a textured natural paint, applied on a clay plaster or existing wall. It is VOC free, breathable , circular in origin and destination, zero carbon & zero waste. Image BC Materials.

The Léém moulded block range by BC Materials contains no additives nor stabilisers; it is predominately made up of excavated earth from construction sites. Providing an alternative to regular clay bricks, it is BC Materials‘s most ecological and circular range of blocks, while also offering the aesthetics of craft through its texture and colour. Image BC Materials.

LignoPure, a spin-off from the TVT Institute of the TUHH, produce sulphur-free lignin suitable as an ingredient in the production of bio-based plastics and composites. It is under development for a range of manufacturing processes like injection moulding, extrusion, melt spinning and 3D printing. Image LignoPure.

Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) cement produces 30-40% less CO2 emissions compared to regular cement. The reduction is achieved by partially substituting (20-70%) clinker with calcined clay and limestone. This allows for a lower firing temperature and avoids the decomposition of limestone, which is responsible for a significant proportion of the CO2 of cement production. Clay is calcined (heated to around 800 degC, as opposed to 1,450 degC for regular cement) to make it suitable. It is widely available and compatible with modern cement manufacturing processes. While clinker is a waste product from burning coal and steel furnaces, it is not always available close to the cement factories, and the processes that generate it have come into question over sustainability concerns. Developed by Prof Karen Scrivener from EPFL in Switzerland and Prof Fernando Martirena from UCLV in Cuba, supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and the Swiss Agency of Development and Cooperation (SDC). LC3 is in commercial production in several cement factories around the world. Image LC3.

Luminy by Total Corbion includes a portfolio of bio-based and industrially compostable polylactic acid (PLA) includes both high heat and standard PLA grades and is used in a wide range of markets from packaging to durable consumer goods and electronics. Image Total Corbion.

Lunawood Thermowood thermally modified timber (TMT) includes a range of wood types that have been physically and chemically modified with heat. Durability is increased and biological resistance to pests and microorganisms is enhanced, without the use of chemical preservatives and insecticides. Lunawood Thermowood includes Scandinavian pine and spruce. Image Lunawood.

LYB LyondelBasell CirculenRecover includes a range of products that include up to an impressive 100% post consumer recycled (PCR) content. The scrap is derived from plastic waste via a mechanical recycling process and is suitable for a range of applications in packaging, automotive and products. The range of colours possible depends on the source of scrap. Image LYB LyondelBasell.

Made of Air convert biomass waste streams (such as forestry offcuts and secondary agricultural materials), which have photosynthesised CO2, into a form of biochar through controlled pyrolysis. Burning materials without oxygen means the carbon cannot form CO2 and instead forms biochar. Using their technology the biochar is converted into a functional carbon-rich filler for plastic biocomposites. Biochar has been produced for centuries and is increasingly being used as a fertiliser as well as a way of sequestering carbon in the soil, because the carbon is locked in and it remains stable for hundreds of years. Image Made of Air.

Magna Glaskeramik panels are made with recycled glass – specifically industrial waste from the production of packaging and solar panels. The sheet materials, which are suitable for furniture and facades, for example, have a maximum dimension of 2800 x 1250 mm (up to 3500 x 1500 mm on request) and a standard thickness of 20 mm (15-40 mm available on request). Image Magna.

Covestro Makrolon RE is a polycarbonate (PC) produced with some renewable content. Combined with the use of renewable energy, this helps to reduce the carbon footprint. It has identical clarity, and mechanical and visual properties, as regular PC. Image EVBox.

Malai coconut leather is produced through bacterial fermentation of waste coconut water, a byproduct of coconut production. The bacterial cellulose that develops is enriched with natural fibres (banana, sisal, hemp), gums and resins to create a durable and flexible material which is converted into flat sheet or 3D parts. It is coloured with plant-based mordant-free dyes. Plant extracts like indigo, madder, cutch or marigold petals are used in order to achieve the colour. It is plastic-free, vegan and home compostable. Image Malai.

Mango Materials bio-based polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) biodegradable polyester provides an alternative to fossil-based synthetics in fashion, textiles and injection moulded products. They are pioneering a process with YOPP+ to convert excess methane into PHA. Image Mango Materials.

Marmoleum linoleum by Forbo is a floor covering made with solidified linseed oil (from flax) and pine resin, reinforced with jute fibre, and filled with additives such as limestone, cork dust and wood flour. Marmoleum is made with renewable energy and materials for a sustainable and non-toxic product.

Masonite hardboard does not require additional adhesive – the lignin already present in the wood acts as a binder. The wet wood fibre mix is laid onto a mesh (similar to paper making) and some of the water pressed out before final high-pressure forming into a panel with heat.

Mater-bi starch-based bioplastic by Novamont can be used in a wide variety of packaging applications including bags, pouches, sealing films, cling film plus ridged pots, trays and lids. It is designed to be used on existing blown, cast film, thermoformed and injection moulding equipment used for traditional plastics. Image Novamont.

MBA Polymers have developed a unique set of processes that enable them to separate mixed plastic waste and convert it into plastic for new products. They produce a range of recycled materials including polypropylene (rPP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (rABS) and polystyrene (rPS). Image MBA Polymers.

Medite Tricoya Extreme is a medium density fibreboard (MDF) by Roseburg with no added formaldehyde (NAF) in combination with acetylated wood fibre. This means the wood is treated with acetic anhydride, resulting in a harder, more dimensionally stable and insect resistant composite. As a result, it can be used in many applications where MDF was previously not suitable — it is guaranteed for 50 years outdoors and 25 years in ground. Image Roseburg.

Métisse insulation from VRK Isolatie is produced from 90% recycled cotton fibres. Waste clothing which is no longer suitable for use is shredded and converted into a nonwoven insulation bat suitable for walls and ceilings. Image VRK Isolatie.

InventWood have created a type of compressed wood they call MettleWood, suitable for demanding load-bearing applications. The process involves dismantling the lignin that bonds the cellulose fibres. This softens the wood and allows the cellulose fibres to be packed more tightly via evaporation of the water content. The wood is then swelled with water in a rapid process that “shocks” it to form a distinct partially open, wrinkled cell wall structure that provides space for compression as well as the ability to support high strain. The wood is compressed, finished and sealed to form the final profile. The process significantly increases strength and stiffness, which the company claims makes it more competitive with structural metals such as steel and aluminium alloy. Image InventWood.

MGG Polymers, which started out as a joint venture with MBA Polymers, have developed a range of techniques for separating complex post consumer mixed waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). They produce grades of 100% recycled polypropylene (rPP), high impact polystyrene (rHIPS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (rABS) and polycarbonate alloy (rPC/ABS). Image MGG Polymers (Müller-Guttenbrunn Group).

MicroSilk by Bolt Threads is a regenerated protein-based fibre that mimics spider silk. It is made through a process of fermenting water, yeast and sugar with spider DNA. The liquid protein is passed through spinnerets and spun into fibres the same way as acrylic and rayon are made. Image Bolt Threads.

Midori-Bio coatings produced from algae and plant seed oil enhance the performance of textiles. With 55-94% bio-based content, they are optimised to provide wicking, anti-odour or water-repellent properties. They work well on synthetics, providing an alternative to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and fluoropolymer coatings in fashion applications. Image Midori-Bio.

Mirel is a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), bio-based and biodegradable polyester, produced by by Telles (dissolved 2012). A semi-crystalline PHA approved for food contact – from frozen foods to boiling water – it is suitable for injection moulding, film extrusion and thermoforming. In addition to packaging materials and food service items, it could be used to replace polystyrene (PS) in electronics packaging applications. Image Telles.

Mirum plant leather by Natural Fiber Welding is plastic-free and made with natural rubber, plant-based oil, natural pigments, and minerals. Image by Natural Fiber Welding (NFW).

Mogu fabricate modular acoustic panels for interior applications with mycelium grown on a matrix of agricultural residue. Image Mogu.

Mogu flooring is produced with mycelium and agricultural residue. A bio-based polyurethane resin (bio-PUR) coating is added to enhance durability and ensure the surface can tolerate heels, scratches and abrasions just like any conventional floor. To ensure maximum bio-based content, the proprietary formulation of the bio-resin uses low-value biomass in place of industrial pigments. Ingredients include corn crops, rice straw, spent coffee grounds, discarded seaweed and clam shells. Image Mogu.

Morssinkhof – Rymoplast Moprylene recycled polypropylene (rPP) is produced with industrial and post-consumer waste, depending on the requirements. Some of the regrinds and compounds are even suitable for the production of food contact packaging. Image Morssinkhof – Rymoplast.

Morssinkhof – Rymoplast recycle polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging and convert it into MOPET rPET suitable for converting back into food contact packaging. MOPET-A, MOPET-Clear and MOPET-Green can be used at 100% for the production of clear, transparent food contact packaging: preforms, bottles and sheet. MOPET rPET is suitable for converting into other polyester products like fibre and injection mouldings. Image Morssinkhof – Rymoplast.

Morssinkhof – Rymoplast recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) suitable for the production of crates, pallets, pipes and plates. They also produce rHDPE blow moulding granulates, known as Mothylene, from well sorted post consumer recycled (PCR) products and packaging. Image Morssinkhof – Rymoplast.

Morssinkhof – Rymoplast recycled low density polyethylene terephthalate (rLDPE) suitable for film and packaging applications with up to 100% post consumer recycled (PCR) material. Image Morssinkhof – Rymoplast.

Mosaicomicro recycled glass tiles by Nerosicilia are produced from waste cathode ray tube monitors. The glass is powdered and mixed with clay to become the raw material for mosaic tiles. The individual chips are moulded, fired and assembled into mosaic tiles. Image Nerosicilia.

Trexel MuCell microcellular foaming technology is used in combination with injection moulding to produce lightweight and durable shoe midsoles. It involves the injection of a supercritical fluid (SCF), typically nitrogen or carbon dioxide, into the molten plastic during the moulding process. This creates a microcellular foam structure within the plastic part, resulting in various benefits such as weight reduction, polymer reduction, reduced warpage and faster cycle times. The sole is moulded directly onto the fabric, finishing the shoe in a single step.

Trexel MuCell microcellular foam injection technology is an innovative manufacturing process used to produce lightweight and cost-effective plastic parts. It involves the injection of a supercritical fluid (SCF), typically nitrogen or carbon dioxide, into the molten plastic during the moulding process. This creates a microcellular foam structure within the plastic part, resulting in various benefits such as weight reduction, polymer reduction, reduced warpage and faster cycle times. Image Trexel.

MuSkin by Life Materials comes from Phellinus ellipsoideus, a gigantic inedible fungus that grows on trees in the subtropical forests. It is made from the outside skin of the mushroom and is suitable for shoes, luggage and accessories. It is very soft and feels like suede. Image Life Materials.

Mycl Composite by Mycotech Lab is a biodegradable composite made from mushroom mycelium and agricultural waste that grows into 3D shapes. It is used for creating products, interiors, installations and furniture. Image Mycotech Lab.

MycoComposite by Ecovative is a mushroom material that uses mycelium and agricultural waste to create lightweight composite panels suitable for packaging and interiors. They can be grown as flat panels, or directly into 3D forms such as to make mushroom packaging. Image DelOS.

Mylea mushroom leather, made with mycelium, by Mycotech Lab MYCL. Image Mycotech Lab.

Mylo mushroom leather by Bolt Threads is produced with mycelium, grown in a vertical farming facility powered by 100% renewable energy and transformed it into a material that looks and feels like animal leather. Image Bolt Threads.

OceanSafe have developed a 25-30% bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, that is biodegradable in soil, marine and landfill. In marine water it biodegrades by >93% within 99 days, and is Cradle to Cradle Certified Gold. Alternatively, it can be recycled with regular polyester. It offers drop-in replacement for polyester as fill and fabric for fashion and interior applications. Image OceanSafe.

Nativa was launched by Chargeurs Luxury Materials, a leader in luxury combed wool. It is sourced from certified farms in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, North America, Uruguay and Argentina. They comply with strict levels of animal welfare, land management and ethical work policies. Fabrics made with Nativa are 100% traceable from farm to consumer. Image Nativa.

Ficus Innovations partnered with Circular Systems to produce a coloured natural textile fibre with the lowest environmental impact possible. Using only plant waste and extracts from pomegranate peel, olive leaf, lavender, and walnut shell, among others, and bio-resins, plant-based oils, and clay to achieve high colour fastness. No metal mordants, aluminium salts, formaldehyde, and azo dyes are used. Image Circular Systems.

Imbotex Lab use hemp, nettle, cotton and linen in their natural fibre padding and insulation, for bedding and clothing. Image Imbotex Lab.

NatureFlex home compostable cellulose packaging films offer excellent transparency and gloss, high barrier to oxygen, grease resistance, chemical resistance and can be printed and heat-sealed. Image Mamá Pacha Chocolate.

NaturePlast produce a range of bio-based and biodegradable polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), as well as bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) and polyethylene (bio-PE). Their materials are suitable for a range of applications spanning packaging, products, automotive and textiles. Image NaturePlast.

NatureWorks Ingeo textile are compostable fibres and nonwovens spun from polylactic acid (PLA) suitable for medical and hygiene applications, such as face masks, wipes, medical fabrics and diapers. They are also used in garments and interior textiles, outperforming polyester (PET) in terms of breathability and comfort. Image NatureWorks.

Nexis partially bio-based polyamide 610 (bio-PA610), nylon fibre, is made with sebacic acid derived from castor oil. It contains 63% bio-based monomer. Image Nexis.

Nextevo produce fibres and textiles with pineapple leaf fibres (PALF), derived from agricultural byproducts. Image Nextevo.

Nextek launched the NextLoopp project to develop the infrastructure and systems needed for recycling polypropylene (rPP) to make new food grade material for packaging food and cosmetics. Image Nextek.

Wallpaper by Norafin made with flax (linen) fibre mixed with viscose. It is decorative, insulating and renewable. Image Norafin.

Norafin lightweight nonwoven hemp for interior and personal hygiene applications. Blended with lyocell regenerated cellulose fibre, it has been tested in disposable personal protective equipment (PPE). Image Norafin.

Norlha yak wool fabrics are handmade using traditional techniques in Tibet. They source their fibre from local nomad cooperatives. Image Norlha.

Notpla rigid is a seaweed-based material that can be moulded into utensils, such as forks and ice cream spoons. It is biodegradable and compostable. Image Notpla.

Notpla are compostable seaweed based paper coatings and packaging films that provide a plastic-free barrier to water and grease. After use, the packaging can be disposed in paper recycling, or home composted. Image Notpla.

Nuatan bio-based plastic from Crafting Plastics is made with polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHA). They are formed by 3D printing, injection moulding, extrusion and CNC machining. They are suitable for industrial composting end of life. Image Crafting Plastics.

Nucycl regenerated cellulose fibre by Evrnu is produced from cotton-rich waste from industry and discarded consumer fashion items. Cellulose is extracted and converted into lyocell fibre, which is recyclable and biodegradable. Image Evrnu.

Nanollose produce a tree-free lyocell regenerated cellulose fibre called Nullarbor. Unlike conventional regenerated cellulose fibre, Nullarbor is produced using microbes that convert waste products into microbial cellulose. This provides the raw material for lyocell fibre production. Image Nanollose.

Nurel Inzea are bio-based and biodegradable polyesters, up to 85% of which are produced from various bioplastics such as non-genetically modified polylactic acid (PLA) and starch. Image Nurel.

Nurel Neride Bio polyamide 6 (bio-PA6), nylon fibre, is designed to biodegrade in landfill and marine environments. This reduces the potential for microplastics to become pollution during the washing and disposal of textiles. However, anaerobic biodegradation can lead to the production of methane, which must be managed properly as it is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). Image Nurel.

Nuvi are developing a range of animal-free leather alternatives from bio-based ingredients. Creta is an innovative material with a soft, supple surface texture made from Champagne chalk. Mamora is made from stone, available in undyed natural shades. Papilio is derived from butterfly pea flowers. The materials are produced on undyed linen-viscose or organic cotton backing materials. They can be coloured, embossed and perforated. They require treatment to be waterproof. Image Nuvi.

Oceanium develops functional seaweed ingredients for applications in health and wellbeing, skincare, packaging materials, food and beverages. As an example, they developed Ocean Ink, which is a fully biodegradable water-based ink derived from sustainably sourced seaweed. It has a naturally golden colour, which lends itself to high end and luxury packaging, offering an alternative to foil embossing (hot foiling, foil blocking). Image Oceanium.

Octarine Bio use bio-based ingredients and fermentation to produce textile dyes. Using a proprietary enzyme technology, they have a range of colours they call PurePalette which provide a drop in replacements for synthetic dyes. The company claims that their dye, including production and application, results in c. 70% lower CO2e emissions, c. 62% less water and c. 62% less energy. Image Octarine Bio.

Orange Fiber is produced from pastazzo, which is the by-products of citrus juice production and accounts for 60% of the weight of the fruit. Cellulose is extracted from the pulp and processed in partnership with Lenzing to make Tencel Limited Edition x Orange Fiber. Image Orange Fiber.

Organic Cotton Colours produce organic cotton textile and garments without dye – the colour comes from cotton varieties that naturally grow in cream, green, and brown shades. Using regenerative farming practices, the company controls the supply chain from the field to the finished textile and garment. This ensures the absence of chemicals and guarantees a biodegradable product that is good for people and the planet. Image Organic Cotton Colours.

Organoid surfaces are made with Austrian Alpine hay, harvested by hand on steep mountain slopes at an altitude of over 1,700 m. The hay is cleaned and cut before it is pressed, together with the colourful flower petals of marguerites, roses, cornflowers, heather, lavender and sun flowers, into the final product in several layers. The materials can be fixed to walls or furniture, for example. Image Organoid.

Oryzite is a bio-filler produced from rice husk, a byproduct of food production. It is used to reduce the weight, cost and carbon footprint of plastics. Mixed with thermoplastics, such as polypropylene (PP), at up to 85%, it can have many benefits. Applications already include packaging, automotive parts, outdoor equipment, fashion accessories and product enclosures. However, it means the material is unlikely to be recycled end of life. Image Oryzite.

Ostrea is made up of 65% shells – such as oysters or mussels, which are byproducts of food production – coupled with a mineral matrix, which can be cut and shaped like marble or stone. It is suitable for interiors such as floors, walls, counter tops, kitchens, bathrooms, table tops and furniture. Image Ostrea.

Other Matter is an experimental design studio setup by Jessie French offering algae-based bioplastic products, objects, screens and decals. Decals made with seaweed provide an alternative to the conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used for shops, signage and exhibitions. Image Other Matter / Jessica Maurer.

Ottan converts green waste, such as byproducts from food production, into bio-based composite panels. The raw materials are ground, dried and compressed or cast into sheet products suitable for interior applications, such as furniture, lighting and products. Image Ottan.

Ovako products consist of an average of 97.2 % recycled steel scrap (around 800,000 tons per year). Ovako mills recycle their own steel scrap, as well as scrap from downstream manufacturing industries and end of life products. Image Ovako.

Oval is a plastic-free collagen skin substrate made by Pact. Created from surplus collagen (from waste fish skins and scales) and enriched with natural oils, it is 100% traceable and free of harsh chemicals. Using a patented process, cosmetic-grade collagen is converted into collagen skins. These are infused with additional oils and finished like conventional leather. Image Pact.

Paddy straw tray by Tipa is made with rice plantation waste. These compostable trays can be disposed of either with paper waste or in a home or industrial compost bin. Image Tipa.

Pangaia Frutfiber is a blend of bamboo lyocell regenerated cellulose combined with pineapple leaf and banana leaf fibres – two natural materials that are usually considered agricultural waste as byproducts of the food industry. After the fruits are harvested, these fibrous leaves are typically thrown in landfill or burned. Developed in collaboration between RDD Textiles and Pangaia. Image Pangaia.

Pangaia Plntfiber is a blend of bamboo lyocell regenerated cellulose with hemp and Himalayan nettle. Developed in collaboration between RDD Textiles and Pangaia. Image Pangaia.

PaperFoam consists of starch, natural fibres, water and a proprietary premix. It provides a lightweight, protective and home compostable packaging solution. It provides a bio-based and biodegradable alternative to expanded polystyrene (EPS), styrofoam. Image PaperFoam.

PaperShell is produced with kraft paper laminated with high-strength bio-based resin (such as furan). A kind of high-pressure laminate (HPL), PaperShell have developed a technique for making 3D parts, which makes this technology suitable for a broader range of applications, spanning products, furniture and architecture. Image PaperShell.

Papertile wall covering tiles are made with 100% post consumer recycled paper. The product was created by Jasna Sokolovic and Noel O’Connell, founding partners of Dear Human. It is made with waste paper, which is shredded, pulped, pressed into tiles, dried and printed. Image Papertile.

Papillon Bleu is a traceable, regenerative organic cotton program in Southern India working directly with farmers for fair trading in partnership with Raddis Cotton and NGO GVK Society. Image Papillon Bleu.

Paptic wood based packaging material is made with a mix of up to 85% wood fibre and bio-based biodegradable fibre. The paper-like material is made with longer fibres than conventional paper to produce a unique set of physical and visual properties. It can be folded, printed and sealed on regular plastic conversion lines, but is disposed along with paper waste at the end of its useful life. Image Paptic.

Parallel strand lumber (PSL) is a type of structural engineered wood used in construction, interiors, furniture and products. It is made up of strands of wood bonded together with high-strength adhesive. It has very good bending and compression strength and is utilised in long-span beams, heavily loaded columns and large headers. It can be used in both interior and exterior applications. Image Weyerhaeuser.

Pebax bio-based elastomer by Arkema is a polyether block amide (PEBA) produced from castor beans. These are high performance materials with good strength-to-weight, impact resistance, low temperature performance (low cold temperature stiffening), high resistance to fatigue, and good chemical resistance. Image Hoka.

Phact is an amorphous polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a biodegradable polyester produced by CJ Biomaterials, that is suitable for food contact applications including rigid and flexible packaging, food serviceware and other products. Amorphous PHA is relatively soft and rubbery, offering fundamentally different performance characteristics than crystalline or semi-crystalline forms of the biopolymer. It is a bio-based material that is certified for industrial and home compost, soil biodegradable and marine biodegradable. When combined with other bioplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), it enhances the biodegradability and compostability of products. Image CJ Biomaterials.

Pili are developing a cell factory that uses an enzyme based process to convert sugars into colour, using a technique similar to fermenting beer. The genes for each enzyme are integrated into bacteria or other microorganism. These bacteria are grown in water-based bioreactors, using sugar as their main food source. This process requires no fossil fuels and no toxic inputs, and produces no harmful byproducts, making the bacterial biofactories both highly efficient and non-polluting. At the end of the process the pigment is separated by filtration. Image Pili.

Pilkington K low-emissivity (low-e) glass was developed to minimise the amount of ultraviolet and infrared light that can pass through a window without compromising the amount of visible light that is transmitted. Reducing the emissivity of window glass by applying a selectively reflective hard coat improves a window’s insulating properties and so helps to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Image Pilkington.

Piñatex partially bio-based leather-like fabric by Ananas Anam is made up of a nonwoven fabric with 80% pineapple fibre from waste pineapple leaves mixed with 20% polylactic acid (PLA), coated with polyurethane resin (PUR). Image Ananas Anam.

Piñayarn by Ananas Anam is a textile fibre made from waste pineapple leaves. Production is closed-loop and the dry spinning process used requires no water or harmful chemicals. The fibre is blended with other natural fibres to create breathable and biodegradable textiles for fashion, interiors and packaging. Image Ananas Anam.

Plasticiet recycled polystyrene (rPS) panels are produced from waste refrigerators and other industrial scrap. Image Plasticiet.

Recycled polystyrene (PS) panels, including transparent, opaque and coloured, made from waste white goods. They are suitable for furniture, interiors, retail and products. Image Plastiz.

Plyboo engineered wood panels by Smith and Fong use bamboo in place of wood, bonded with ultra-low emitting formaldehyde (ULEF) adhesive. Bamboo grows with little to no fertilisers, pesticides or irrigation. It is FCS (Forest Stewardship Council) certified and provides a sustainable alternative to wood. Image Smith and Fong.

Polygood panels are manufactured by the Good Plastic Company using 100% post consumer recycled polystyrene (rPS). Image Good Plastic Company.

Polykemi and their subsidiary Rondo Plast produce a range of recycled plastics, up to 100% recycled ingredients. Grades include polyamide (rPA), nylon, polypropylene (rPP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (rABS) and polycarbonate alloys (rPC/ABS). Image Polykemi.

Corn starch bioplastic disposable food packaging (CornWare) is made with polylactic acid (PLA), which is industrially compostable. Image Element.

Pretty Plastic cladding tiles are 100% recycled polyvinyl chloride (PVC). They are produced from waste building materials, such as old window frames, downspouts, and rain gutters. Image Pretty Plastic.

Procel by Natural Material Studio is handmade from protein-based bioplastic, mixed with softening agents, pigments and additives. Here it is used as hanging screens in the Åben brewery restaurant, Copenhagen, made with waste from the Åben brewing process that takes place just down the road.

Inspired by the composition of coral and seashells, Prometheus Materials combine microalgae (biomineralizing cyanobacteria that are grown using sunlight, seawater, and CO2) with other natural components to produce biocement and bio-based concrete – they are developing a patent-pending photosynthetic biocementation process. They already produce microalgae-based concrete masonry units (CMU) that conform to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and are planning to introduce pre-cast and ready-mix products for roofing tiles, wall panels, sound barriers, and other concrete elements. Image Prometheus Materials.

Purebond plywood manufactured by Columbia Forest Products is produced with no added formaldehyde (NAF) – a high-strength soy-based adhesive is used to bond the veneers. It is an interior grade and as such cannot tolerate high humidity or exposure to water outdoors. Image Columbia Forest Products.

Pureglue plywood manufactured by Panguaneta is produced with no added formaldehyde (NAF). Image MDF-faced poplar plywood. Image Panguaneta.

Radilon partially bio-based polyamide 610 (bio-PA610), nylon fibre, by Radici is made with sebacic acid derived from castor oil. It contains 63% bio-based monomer. Image Radici.

Continuous cast aluminium alloys from Raffmetal are produced from around 90% recycled scrap aluminium. The carbon footprint of their material is 2.18 kgCO2e/kg according to their life cycle analysis (LCA). This is significantly lower than the European average for aluminium, which is around 6.7 kgCO2e/kg. Image Raffmetal.

Ravago Ravapura compounds include 50-70% recycled content low density polyethylene (rLDPE), 50-75% recycled content high density polyethylene (rHDPE), 33-50% recycled content polypropylene (rPP), 50-70% recycled content high impact polystyrene (rHIPS), 50-70% recycled content acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (rABS). They are suitable for packaging (non-food contact), electrical, products, furniture and appliances.

RCotton (RPure, RMix, RDenim) is made with >90% recycled cotton from industrial and post-consumer textile waste. Old clothes and scraps are shredded and opened up into fibre, which can be spun into yarn for new garments. RColorBlend is an alternative they make, a ready to spin fibre without the need for blending or dyeing, containing around 50% recycled cotton mixed with recycled polyester (PET) from bottles (RBlue), or organic cotton (REarth). Image Recover.

Two new Surlyn ionomer resins developed by Dow offer carbon savings compared to virgin material. Surlyn REN ionomers are produced using bio-waste such as cooking oil. This process utilises waste residues or by-products from alternative product processes from other industries meaning the raw feedstock materials will not consume extra land resources or compete with the food chain. Surlyn CIR ionomers are created through chemical recycling technologies, breaking down mixed waste plastics into their basic chemical elements, giving plastic waste a second life. This produces a raw material that is equivalent to those made from virgin fossil feedstock. Image Dow.

Recycled carbon fibre (rCF) by Gen 2 Carbon is produced from waste generated in production – around 30% of produced carbon fibre ends up as waste at some point in the process. Companies such as Gen 2 Carbon (formerly ELG Carbon Fibre) convert this waste into rCF. The cost is around 40% less than industrial grade virgin carbon fibre and Gen 2 Carbon, who reclaim carbon fibre by pyrolysis, say their fibre retains 90% of its tensile strength and 100% stiffness. Image Gen 2 Carbon.

Archisonic cotton tiles by Impact Acoustic are made with cotton cellulose, a by-product of the cotton industry that would otherwise go to waste, along with other natural materials, without the use of harmful synthetic binders and chemicals. The tiles can be returned to the production process end of life. Image Impact Acoustic.

Circular Materials Fibre Pellets are produced from waste textiles, such as old clothes and production offcuts. The recycled fibres can be used as fibre reinforcement for plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). The fibre-based composite is compatible with conventional plastic manufacturing processes, such as injection and compression moulding. It is suitable for a range of applications including products, packaging, point-of-sale (POS) and fashion accessories. For example, this tray in injection moulded using 25% fibre pellet and 75% recycled PP (rPP). Image Circular Materials.

Post-consumer and industrial scraps of wool and cashmere converted by Imbotex Lab into nonwoven insulation and padding for clothing and bedding. Image Imbotex Lab.

Recycletherm Km0 by Manifattura Maiano is a thermal and acoustic insulation produced from textile waste coming from the Prato textile industries, as well as from the recycling of disused textile products. Image Manifattura Maiano.

Recycrom by Officina+39 is a full range of pigment powders using textile fibres from used clothing and manufacturing waste. Through a unique process, fabric textile waste fibres are transformed into an incredibly fine powder that can be used as a pigment dye for fabrics and garments made of cotton, wool, nylon or any natural fibre and blends. Image Officina+39.

Reeco by Tung Ga is a recycled fibre and fabric made from scraps and offcuts of linen (flax) and hemp. Image Tung Ga.

Refit paper by Favini is produced with 15% wool and cotton textile residues and 40% post-consumer paper. Refit wool paper uses the residue of the carding and spinning process, and Refit Cotton takes waste from weaving and spinning cotton. Image Favini.

Reishi fine mycelium fabric by MycoWorks provides an alternative to animal leather and plastic-based textiles made using polyurethane (PU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This luxury mycelium leather that looks and feels like fine animal leather but with much lower environmental impact. Image MycoWorks.

Remake paper by Favini is made with 25% leather waste and 40% post-consumer paper. Image Favini.

Renol from Lignin Industries is a bio-based additive for thermoplastics such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). The lignin used to make the additive is a by-product of the paper pulping industry and is typically burnt for energy generation. As an additive it can bring the carbon footprint down by replacing a proportion of the plastic in moulding and extrusion applications.

The Nu Company Repaq home compostable cellulose packaging films offer excellent transparency and gloss, high barrier to oxygen, grease resistance, chemical resistance and can be printed and heat-sealed. Image The Nu Company.

ReSound bio-based thermoplastic elastomer (bio-TPE) by Avient (formerly PolyOne) utilise between 40-50% content derived from sugarcane, and offer hardness levels and performance comparable to standard TPE. Image Avient.

Rezign bio-based and recycled panels are made with waste textile, flax, hemp and starch-based biodegradable binder. Available in a range of formats, they are suitable for furniture, interiors and acoustic panels. Image Rezign.

Rilsan bio-based polyamide 11 (bio-PA11), nylon, by Arkema is made from castor oil. It is 100% bio-based, suitable for a range of applications and manufacturing processes including extrusion, blow moulding, injection moulding, rotation moulding and 3D printing. Image Arkema.

Asahi Kasei Roica V550 is an thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastane yarn that has been engineered to degrade. While the process is slow – around 35% of the yarn breaks down within 270 days – it offers an alternative to conventional synthetic elastane. Although elastane is typically only used in small quantities in garments, around 1-5% in a cotton t-shirt for example, it makes them impractical to recycle and means they can often end up in landfill. Image Asahi Kasei.

Arreis, Medex and Medite II medium density fibreboard (MDF) by Roseburg are made with no added formaldehyde (NAF). Using polyurethane resin (PUR) binder, they are suitable for a range of applications, including high moisture areas. Image Roseburg.

Sabic recycled polypropylene (rPP) impact copolymer, from its Trucircle programme, is made from post-consumer mixed plastic, which is chemically broken down into its molecular building blocks, to create virgin plastics. It is certified as suitable for food contact, as well as frozen foods. Image Unilever.

Bio-Fluff Savian faux fur is a mixture of cellulose and bast fibres. They transform materials such as nettle, hemp and flax – approximately 50% of which can be sourced from agricultural waste streams – into luxurious textile fibre that mimics fur, fleece and shearling. Image Bio-Fluff.

Searamic by Soarce, a high performance bio-based colour additive and coating, is made up of 50-80% seaweed cellulose biopolymer combined with natural clays. It offers very good resistance to oxidisation, UV and IR, which helps maintain the colour fastness of fabrics. On top of this, it acts as a brightener (without added TiO2) and surface modifier. Image Soarce.

Searo Labs has developed a unique formulation of seaweed-based materials that are food contact safe, home compostable, moisture and texture controllable, optically clear, and heat sealable. Potential applications range from film packaging for fresh food to dissolvable shampoo and detergent pods, and feminine care products. Image Searo Labs.

Seastex convert waste byssus (known as the ‘beard’, is an inedible part of edible mussels that is usually removed during cleaning) into a soft, cloud-like raw material called Seawool. This by-product of food production is typically disposed in landfill of uses as biomass. Suitable for construction, furniture and textile industries, it is 100% bio-based, biodegradable, fire retardant and odourless. Image Seastex.

SEFF hemp fibre for fashion and interiors, softened to resemble cotton. Image SEFF.

Sequinova sequins and glitter are made with cellulose and are fully biodegradable in water in two months. There are a range of effects and colours, providing an alternative to regular polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester or polyamide (PA), nylon. Image Sequinova.

Siegwerk‘s Uninature water-oil barrier coating for disposable paper packaging is 100% bio-based and proven to effectively reduce the absorption of water, oil and grease on paper stock intended for direct food contact while maintaining its recyclability. Image Siegwerk.

Simplifyber produce moulded shoe uppers from a cellulose-based pulp. It is poured into a mould as a liquid and formed into the final shape with heat and pressure, reducing cutting and sewing. The material is made from a mix of wood pulp and other plants and biodegradable additives. It works somewhat similarly to making paper, but the resulting material is strong and durable. The strength comes from an additive derived from food waste, which creates cross-links in the bioplastic structure. It is recyclable with paper. Image Simplifyber.

Sirmax Green Isofil recycled polypropylene (rPP), including standard and high performance grades modified with mineral fillers for added stiffness, suitable for automotive interiors, products and packaging. Certified flame retardant versions are available both halogenated and halogen-free. Image Sirmax.

Smile Plastics Earth collection of recycled sheet materials, produced from polyethylene terephthalate (rPET), polyester, packaging. Smile Plastics take in waste materials and convert them into large sheets suitable for interior and furniture projects. Image Smile Plastics.

Smile Plastics Heron collection of recycled sheet materials, produced from high impact polystyrene (HIPS) white goods. Smile Plastics take in waste materials and convert them into large sheets suitable for interior and furniture projects. Image Smile Plastics.

Smobya NanoTwine transforms nutrients from food industry waste into nanocellulose, which is formed into sheets. Currently under development, it aims to provide an alternative to leather in fashion and interior applications. Image Smobya.

This regenerated cellulose fibre from Södra is made with 20% recycled textile and 80% renewable wood. The textile waste comes from post consumer recycled fabrics and includes polycotton blends, which are chemically recycled to liberate the cellulose from the polyester. The polyester is incinerated and the energy recovered goes into the production of OnceMore. Image Södra.

SÖKTAŞ naturally coloured cotton avoids the process of dyeing – the most polluting part of the textile production process – thereby avoiding all of the associated water and chemical use. Image SÖKTAŞ.

Vitro Architectural Glass (formerly PPG) Solarban is a low-emissivity (low-e) window glass. Low-emissivity (low-e) glass coatings have been developed to minimise the amount of ultraviolet and infrared light that can pass through a window without compromising the amount of visible light that is transmitted. Reducing the emissivity of window glass improves a window’s insulating properties. For example, uncoated glass has an emissivity of .84, while Solarban 70 has an emissivity of .02. Image Vitro Architectural Glass.

Soleic partially bio-based and biodegradable polyurethane resin (bio-PUR) by Algenesis. The monomers are created from algae oil and engineered to biodegrade. Currently 52% bio-based, there is development ongoing to increase this to 98%. Image Algenesis.

Solvay Amni Soul Eco polyamide 66 (PA66), nylon fibre, with accelerated decomposition in landfill and marine environments, designed to reduce the environmental impact of microplastics generated in laundry that end up in marine environments. It contains an additive that activates the accelerated decomposition of its microplastics. Image Fulgar.

Soprema Pavatextil P is a thermal and acoustic insulation made with recycled textile fibres. It consists of around 85% cotton and 15% polyester. The cotton fibres have hygroscopic properties and have been subjected to anti-bacterial, fungal and flame retardant treatments, making them resistant to dust mites, mould. Image Soprema.

Sorona by DuPont is a partially bio-based polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyester. With up to one-third renewable ingredients, it is available as a polyester fibre and injection moulded compound. As such it is suitable for a range of applications, from interior textiles and carpets to faux fur, through product housings and engineering components. Image DuPont.

Soyad soy-based adhesive technology by Solenis is used in the production of no added formaldehyde (NAF) plywood and engineered wood by Columbia Forest Products. It is made up of 70-90% bio-based ingredients. Image Columbia Forest Products.

SoyStrong products by States Industries are made with no added formaldehyde (NAF) — they use soy-based binders in the production of their hardwood plywood (HWPW) panels. Image States Industries.

Sparxell produce non-toxic and biodegradable pigments from cellulose. Their technology exploits the highly reflective nature of plant-based cellulose. The colour comes from reflected light, so called structural colour, does not fade and can be used in the same contexts as conventional pigments, glitters, and sequins. The company does not use mica, titania or dye, ensuring their pigments have the least impact possible on the environment. Image Sparxell.

Spinnova is a textile fibre produced from micro fibrillated cellulose (MFC). It is white, fluffy and firm, with a warmth comparable to lambswool. Its stretch and strength are similar to cotton. Depending on the application, it is possible to make the fibre water repellent, or moisture absorbing. It is spun into yarn and suitable for knitted, woven and nonwoven fabrics. Image Spinnova.

Steico wood fibre insulation panels and loose fill produced from wood provide a sustainable alternative to synthetic materials for thermal and acoustic applications in walls, ceilings and roofs. The panels are breathable, recyclable and compostable.

SublimeSystems low-carbon cement, Sublime Cement, is produced with electrochemistry, cutting out the very high firing temperatures required for producing ordinary Portland cement (OPS). Sublime’s cement is made by electrically charging a bath of chemicals and calcium silicate at its plant. This creates reactive lime and avoids the release of CO2. Hydrogen and oxygen are produced as byproducts. They are in development and currently scaling up the technology to industrial-scale production. Image SublimeSystems.

Sulapac includes an innovative range of bio-based plastics and composites suitable for injection moulding, thermoforming and 3D printing. Various biodegradable polyesters are blended to ensure optimum properties depending on the requirements. Including wood or other water absorbing additives draws moisture into the plastic and so initiates biodegradation from within, accelerating the composting process. This opens up a wider range of applications, especially within packaging. Ranging from 70-100% renewable ingredients, the materials are industrially compostable and recyclable. Image Sulapac.

Sun Circle produce polybutylene succinate (PBS) for packaging, kitchen items and agricultural products. These are biodegradable co-polyesters with properties similar to polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). Typically produced from fossil fuel, it is also possible to make these plastics from bio-based materials, such as through the bacterial fermentation of sugarcane, cassava, and corn. Grades exist that are derived from biomass and are suitable for home composting, without any specialised composting facilities. Image Sun Circle.

Super Sap by Entropy Resins is a modified epoxy that contains 15-37% bio based ingredients (bio-EP). These ingredients are sourced from waste streams, such as wood pulp or biofuel production. A range of resins exist, suitable as replacements for conventional petroleum-derived epoxies, from ultra-clear casting through laminating and compression moulding.

SuperOrganic natural wall covering by Oberflex is made from organic grass, flower petals, wood straw and agricultural byproducts, for example. Image Oberflex.

Sustaign produce handmade recycled polypropylene (rPP) panels with marbled colour effects. The material is suitable for furniture, wall covering, counter tops, products and retail. Image Sustaign.

Swanline Cygnus Eco Board is a fibre-based board suitable for print, graphics, packaging (including food contact) and point-of-sale (POS). It is resistant to water and moisture, and so suitable for temporary outdoor signage and short term moisture sensitive signage and packaging. It provides an alternative to plastic for graphics applications, such as polyethylene (PE) coated paper, high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and even aluminium composite panels. Available in a range of thicknesses, it is recyclable, compostable and available with up to 70% recycled content. Image Swanline.

Sway seaweed packaging. Cast as transparent films, they offer a renewable and compostable alternative to packaging plastics such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester. Their products include TPSea melt-processable pellets for film extrusion, TPSea Flex which mixes seaweed with bioplastic for bags and wrappers, and prefabricated bags using TPSea Flex. Image Sway.

Syklo produce an innovative biocomposite consisting of post consumer recycled (PCR) polypropylene (rPP) combined with recycled paper. The paper is shredded and micro fibrillated (MFC) to create a highly functional additive that provides significant mechanical benefits. It can be injection moulded and provides a bio-based recycled alternative to conventional PP materials in packaging and product applications. Image Syklo.

Sylvicta is a translucent paper for packaging applications made by Arjowiggins using micro fibrillated cellulose (MFC). Providing a barrier to oxygen, mineral oils and fatty grease, the pioneering paper is fully recyclable, compostable and marine degradable. It provides a plastic free alternative to packaging films such as made from polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester.

Syntegon thermoforming process for paper and paper-based (laminated or coated) packaging materials enables the production of trays, pods, blister packs and pouches. Image Syntegon.

Backed by H&M Group, Syre have developed a chemical recycling process to convert waste polyester (PET) textiles into new fibres. The polyester, derived from post-consumer waste and direct industry waste from factories, is depolymerised to make BHET, which forms the building block for new polyester fibre. Syre claim that the fibre gives the same performance as virgin polyester but with 85% lower carbon footprint. Image Syre.

Technipol Bio by Sipol is a range of biodegradable co-polyesters with up to 90% renewable ingredients, based on polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate (PBAT) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), for example. Properties range from low melt-temperature resins suitable as hot melt adhesive (shoe making) to relatively high hardness and high melting temperature bioplastic with performances close to polypropylene (PP). Image Sipol.

Technoform bio-based polyamide (bio-PA), nylon, is produced from castor oil, polymerised into nylon. Image Technoform.

Tecnaro Arboblend combines a range of bio-based plastics, including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), starch, bio-based polyethylene (bio-PE), bio-based polyamides (bio-PA), lignin and natural fibres. The recipe depends on the requirements of the application.

Tecnaro Arbofill materials are made from renewable raw materials and plastics. Aesthetic materials with interesting applications are the result of combining plastic and natural filler materials. Arbofill is suitable for injection moulding processes.

Arboform by Tecnaro, also called liquid wood, is made up of around 30% lignosulfonate (LS) – a byproduct of papermaking – 60% fibre and around 10% polylactic acid (PLA) additives. While preparation is not quite the same as for conventional plastics, it can be injection moulded on regular thermoplastic forming machines. The recipe depends on the requirements of the application.

Tectan is made from recycled Tetra Pak beverage cartons — paper and polyethylene (PE) — shredded and converted into injection moulding compound. Image EVD.

Tellus plant fibre moulded food packaging is made with bagasse and is certified industrially compostable. They are suitable for hot and cold food, and contain no added PFAS. Image Tellus.

Tencel Lyocell by Lenzing is a type of regenerated cellulose fibre, derived from wood pulp. The conventional way of making this type of fibre consumes a lot of nasty chemicals. Lyocell takes a novel approach, using a different chemical system – N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (a form of amine oxide known as NMMO) and water – which allows a virtually closed-loop production system. Lyocell is soft, absorbent and comfortable. It is often combined with a wide other textile fibres such as cotton, polyester, acrylic, wool, and silk to enhance the aesthetics and functionality of fabrics. Lyocell is certified biodegradable and compostable under industrial, home, soil and marine conditions. Image Tencel.

Tencel Refibra regenerated cellulose textile combines recycled cotton waste from garment production (up to one third) and wood pulp sourced from sustainably managed forests to make virgin Tencel Lyocell. The result is a super soft fabric that reduces waste – it is manufactured in a virtually closed-loop process and the fabric is certified compostable end of life. Image Toms.

Terralene by FKuR includes a range of partially bio-based polyolefins — polyethylene (bio-PE) and polypropylene (bio-PP) — for extrusion blow moulding, extruded profiles and injection moulding. It is suitable for the production of packaging containers that require odour neutrality, good water barrier properties and chemical resistance. Image FKuR.

Terraprene neoprene is a type of polychloroprene rubber (CR) synthetic rubber made from limestone. Limestone is mined, crushed and melted at around 2,000 degC. It has a similar carbon footprint to petroleum-derived neoprene, such as used in wetsuits, but avoids the use of oil and associated negative impacts. Image NRS.

Terratek includes bio-based composites using fibres such as hemp, jute, sisal, bamboo and flax, instead of glass or carbon fibre. Green Dot Bioplastics produce a range of engineering polymers including compostable, flexible (elastomer) and natural fibre-reinforced grades. Image Green Dot Bioplastics.

Circular Systems Texloop is a global platform that reclaims pre-consumer cotton textile waste and upgrades it into high quality RCOT recycled cotton fibre. The recycling processes used preserve as much of the original fibre as possible, maintaining its quality for the next generation of recycled materials. Image Circular Systems.

Charlotte Werth has developed a process for dyeing textiles with Janthinobacterium lividum, a soil-dwelling bacteria. Fed on yeast extract, salt, protein and glucose, the bacteria grows and populates becoming a cloudy yellow colour. Fabric is slowly moved through the bath and is dyed purple by the bacteria. The fabric is sterilised with UV light.

Theptex organic latex foam for bedding, padding and packaging. Image Theptex.

Thermafleece NatraHemp insulation for roofs, walls and floors is made with 60% hemp fibre, 30% recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) and 10% PET binder. Image Thermafleece.

Thermafleece produce building insulation from 75% wool and 25% recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET). It is suitable for thermal and acoustic insulation in roofs, walls and floors. Image Thermafleece.

ThermHex uses the EconCore developed production technique for creating continuous polypropylene (PP) honeycomb in thicknesses ranging from 3-28 mm. Image ThermHex.

Thermory thermowood thermally modified timber (TMT) includes a range of wood types that have been physically and chemically modified with heat. Durability is increased and biological resistance to pests and microorganisms is enhanced, without the use of chemical preservatives and insecticides. Many different species of wood are suitable include pine, spruce, ash, aspen and oak.

Tipa packaging films are based on a mix of bio-based and petroleum based compostable plastic. The quantity of bio-based ingredients ranges from 20-80% depending on the requirements of the application. They are certified compostable, but not always at home. Image Tipa.

TômTex bio-based leather-like material that is made with chitosan – a biopolymer derived from chitin from waste shrimp, crab and lobster shells as well as fish scales – mixed with food waste. Currently under development, it promises to be biodegradable and durable while remaining soft enough to be hand-stitched or machine-sewn. Image TômTex.

Traceless bio-based packaging materials are being developed as a drop-in replacement for conventional fossil-based plastics such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). The material is derived from second-generation biomass which would typically be sold as animal feed. The home compostable materials under development include coatings, films, and rigid packaging. Image Traceless.

Tradical Hemcrete is a bio-composite building material made from hemp shiv and a lime based binder called Tradical HB. It offers high thermal insulation, breathability and very low carbon footprint. Image Tradical Weber.

Biophilica Treekind is a flexible, leather-like material, made from urban plant waste, agricultural waste and forestry waste. It is made up of lignocellulosic feedstock (leaves, agricultural waste and forestry waste) with a natural binder. It is coated with a bio-based material to make it waterproof. Available in a range of natural colours, it may also be modified with plant pigments as well as non-toxic natural pigments. It is home compostable, recyclable and estimated to have a very low resource footprint. Image Biophilica.

Tritan Renew by Eastman uses chemically recycled polyester from sources like single use packaging to produce a new engineering copolyester with durable properties suitable for product enclosures, packaging, healthcare and food contact. Image Eastman.

Tussah wild silk, also tussore silk, is produced by several species of silkworm that are living wild in the forests. The moths have hatched and so only staple fibre is possible. Examples include eri silk (Samia ricini) and muga silk (Antheraea assamensis). Whereas eri silk is off-white and looks more like cotton once converted into fabric, muga is natural bright golden coloured. Image Sartor Bohemia.

The feedstock for UBQ is household waste, which is largely comprised of organic materials – everything from food residues and mixed plastics to cardboard, paper, and even dirty diapers, that would have otherwise been sent to landfill or incineration. Metals and minerals, which have high recyclability, are removed and sent over to traditional recycling streams. UBQ’s waste conversion technology breaks down the organic matter into its basic particulate constructs—lignin, cellulose, fibres, and sugars—and then reassembles them into a matrix. Residual plastics present in the waste stream melt and get mixed into the matrix to create a homogeneous and consistent composite thermoplastic material. Image UBQ.

UltraTouch recycled denim insulation by Bonded Logic is made up of 80% post consumer recycled denim and cotton fibres. Image Bonded Logic.

Uluu polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), biodegradable polyester, is produced using farmed seaweed feedstock. Image Uluu.

Uncaged Innovations are developing a leather alternative that is bio-based, animal-free and doesn’t require tanning like traditional leather. The process fuses structural proteins from grains with other bio-based elements to create fibril networks, replacing the animal collagen required for traditional leather. The company claims that the end product emits 95% less greenhouse gasses, 93% less water, and 72% less energy than traditional animal leather. Image Uncaged Innovations.

UPM Formi EcoAce is a bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) produced from bio-based naphtha, which is made from crude tall oil, a byproduct of the paper pulp process. The bio-composite version contains certified wood fibre (40-60%) or cellulose fibres (30-50%). Based almost entirely on renewable materials, it provides a drop-in replacement for fossil-based PP. It is recyclable and suitable for food contact applications.

Providing an alternative to virgin polyester fill, such as for cushions and toys, Upparel FillUP is produced from recycled textile fibres. Image Upparel.

Upparel UPtex is a nonwoven recycled textile, compressed into lightweight panels with heat. It is 100% recycled and fully recyclable end of life. It can be produced at an array of densities and thicknesses from 3-100 mm depending on the required application. This ranges from soft cushioning to rigid panels, such as for packaging, signage, homewares and acoustic insulation. Image Upparel.

Valérius 360 recycle cutting waste, overproduction & unsold stocks to produce yarns, jersey fabrics and garments. The waste material is shredded and mixed with lyocell regenerated cellulose or virgin organic cotton and spun into new yarn. Image Valérius 360.

Vegaplac by Bark Cloth is a biocomposite material made up of agricultural waste (palm leaf residue and banana fibre, for example), bound together with bio-based polyurethane resin (bio-PUR).

Vegeto produce a plant-based insulation material made with Canadian milkweed. The light and fluffy fibres comes from the seedpod – their tubular hollow structure provides excellent insulation properties. They are mixed with polylactic acid (PLA), biodegradable polyester, and formed into an insulation fill suitable for gloves, jackets and sleeping bags, for example. Image Vegeto.

Vegware compostable packaging is made with paper and polylactic acid (PLA) bioplastic. They are certified compostable at industrial facilities. Image Vegware.

Vesta composite wood panels by Arauco are produced using an ultra low emitting formaldehyde (ULEF) adhesive and 100% recycled or recovered wood content (predominately Douglas fir). Image Arauco.

Evonik Vestamid Terra bio-based polyamide (bio-PA), nylons are made from castor oil. They are durable, long-lasting and offer demanding applications, for example, in the automotive or textile industries. Typical fields of application are extrusion, injection moulding, fibres, powders, and films. Vestamid Terra PA610 is 62% bio-based and PA1010 is 100%. Image Evonik.

The Virent Bioforming process converts carbohydrate rich feedstocks, such as sugar beet and sugar cane, into bio-based hydrocarbons that can be used as the building blocks for plastics. The bio-based chemistry uses catalytic conversation to provide a drop-in replacement for petroleum derived products in the production of plastic like polyester (PET), nylon (PA) and polyurethane (PUR). Applications range from packaging and moulded products to textiles and films. Image Virent.

VitroLabs is a biotech company developing a scalable tissue engineering platform for the production of leather in a lab. The goal is to produce cell cultivated leather that achieves the look, feel and performance of traditional leather without compromise. Image VitroLabs.

Vivomer by Shellworks is made with the fat of microorganisms found in the soil and sea. The microbes are grown and fermented to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), biodegradable polyester. Once used, Vivomer is easily metabolised by these same microbes so that it can be thrown away like ordinary food waste. Image Haeckels.

VTT, LUT University, and companies (including Borealis) have opened a pilot plant in Finland to process captured CO2 into compounds that can replace fossil raw materials in the production of polypropylene (bio-PP) and polyethylene (bio-PE). At this stage, they are produced at VTT Bioruukki from flue gas carbon dioxide. In the future, the technology can be brought into production wherever bio-based carbon dioxide is produced, such as in forest industry or waste incineration plants.

Wastea bio-based synthetic leather made with a mix of waste tea leaves, which are ordinarily burnt, and bio-based polyurethane resin (bio-PUR). It is 40-95% bio-based, depending on the requirements. Image Wastea.

WasteBasedBricks by Front (formerly StoneCycling) is made with at least 60% recycled clay materials. Image Front.

Woodoo Augmented Wood uses a patented process to remove lignin from wood and replace it with a bio-based polymer (probably polyurethane). Their products include Slim, a see-through and touch sensitive veneer suitable for automotive and products; Flow which is designed as a flexible veneer-like substrate that the company suggests provides an alternative to leather; and Solid, an engineered wood composite for construction and furniture. Image Woodoo.

Woola convert waste wool into packaging to provide an alternative to plastic bubblewrap. The wool is sourced from local farmers close to their factory in Estonia. A small amount of polylactic acid (PLA) is used to bind the wool fibre, but this is being phased out by the company. Image Woola.

Woolchemy produce technical wool-based fabrics that offer an alternative to synthetic textiles in hygiene and wellbeing applications. NeweFlex is a biodegradable acquisition distribution layer (ADL) for disposable hygiene solutions, including diapers (nappies), incontinence and feminine hygiene products. NeweZorb is an ultra-absorbent, breathable textile that can absorb over 10 times more moisture than its original weight while still feeling dry and comfortable. Image Woolchemy.

WYRON truecycled is a mixed recycled yarn, enabling the use of blended waste fibres. This enables them to use post consumer recycled (PCR) material, because they don’t have to go through such an extensive sorting and separation process. Image WYRON.

Xampla Morro plant based polymers are natural proteins converted into compostable packaging materials, such as coatings and films. The proteins are derived from agricultural waste, from what is leftover once starch has been extracted from peas. They have developed water-soluble films, which can be used for in edible packaging like stock cubes. They also offer dispersion coatings for paper, totally plastic free and home compostable, that can be tailored to offer grease resistance, water resistance, or both. Image Xampla.

Xylem and GWT wastewater algae comes from cleaning polluted water and provides the raw material for biodegradable polyester such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The innovative RAB system from GWT uses atmospheric CO2 and sunlight to grow algae on a fixed film, conveyer belt that rotates in and out of a wastewater reservoir. Image GWT (Gross-Wen Technologies).

Imbotex Lab nonwoven yak fibre materials. This super light, breathable and insulating fibre provides softness and odour-resistance. Image Imbotex Lab.

Yakisugi is a wood burning technique that has been used for centuries in Japan to extend the lifespan of wood in exterior applications. It was conceived before chemical treatments were available as a means of improving the longevity of wood by preventing decay, insect and mould infestation, while making planks more dimensionally stable and improving fire resistance. Typically used for siding and cladding on exteriors, the surface may be sealed and oiled for interior use, furniture and products.

Yulex produce PEFC and FSC certified natural rubber and latex. They provide an alternative to fossil-based synthetic rubbers, such as neoprene and polyurethane. Image Patagonia.

Zerocircle produce seaweed-based plastics for packaging films and coatings. They are home compostable and provide an effective barrier to oxygen, water and oil. Image Zerocircle.

Zume and Solenis teamed up to create a line of PFAS-free packaging that is compostable, made from repurposed natural materials like agricultural waste, and includes a range of hot cup lids, bowls, plates, egg cartons, coffee cup lids, protein trays and yogurt cups. Oil repellency is achieved with a mix of PFAS-free chemistry, including Solenis TopScreen water repellent bio-based wax barrier coatings which is both plastic-free and paraffin-free. Image Zume.