Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)
2-20 usd/kgThermoplastic elastomer (TPE) are rubber-like plastics, that can be converted by injection moulding, extrusion, laminating and welding. This makes them very versatile. Their properties range from very soft and stretchy to almost rigid. They are based on thermoplastic chemistry, which provides the moulding and forming characteristics, with a combination of soft and rigid segments. In some cases, the thermoplastic may be mixed or alloyed with a cross-linked (thermoset) rubber, which provides added toughness and mechanical performance. The characteristics of the material are governed by the ingredients, proportion of soft and rigid segments, and polymer structure (semi-crystalline or amorphous). As a result, there are many options available and the price varies a lot. Applications range from textiles (think spandex) to footwear, and medical equipment to structural automotive parts. In many cases, they offer a potentially recyclable alternative to conventional rubber, which is cured in a one-way reaction.
Sustainability concerns




Copolyamide elastomers (COPA, TPE-A or TPA) are thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) made up of rigid polyamide segments mixed with a relatively softer polymer, to combine the performance of both. The most common is polyether block amide (PEBA), also known by trade names including Pebax and Vestamid. These are high performance materials with good strength-to-weight, impact resistance, low temperature performance (low cold temperature stiffening), high resistance to fatigue, and good chemical resistance.
Unlike conventional rubbers and urethanes, TPE can be processed using conventional plastic injection moulding, extrusion, foam moulding and casting, for example; and scrap can be recycled. However, at higher temperatures they do not perform as well. Therefore, applications tend to be in parts that take advantage of the processing advantages, but do not require high-temperature performance. Examples include sports equipment (ski boots, goggles, grips and handles), footwear, foamed midsoles, tool handles, kitchen equipment, textiles, automotive parts and industrial items. It is available for 3D printing, for both functional prototypes and short production runs. Performance is very good with up to elongation, but it is expensive.