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Pine
2 usd/kg
Pine ranges from light brown heartwood to white sapwood, with conspicuous growth rings. It has moderate strength and good machining properties – and a distinctive resinous smell when worked. It is a lightweight softwood that comes from evergreen coniferous tress. These trees can be fast growing, which makes them popular for timber plantations – although this can reduce the benefit to environment of these trees removing CO2 from the atmosphere. The wood is used in everything from construction (timber frame, non-structural, engineered wood, plywood, cladding, window frames, doors, interior panelling), through to furniture, wood fibre products and paper. They are vulnerable to decay and so are primarily used indoors. They are treated (pressure-impregnated) to make them rot resistant, but will not last as long as other more hardy species, such as larch, oak and chestnut. Pine tends to be a little stronger and more durable than spruce, which is used in many of the same applications. In Europe, they are differentiated as redwood (ER) and whitewood (EW), respectively.
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Sustainability concerns
Low circularity potential
Kebony wood is modified radiata pine or Scots pine. It is a proprietary modification process based on furfurylation. The wood is impregnated with furfuryl alcohol, a chemical typically produced from waste bio-mass such as corncobs or sugar cane bagasse. Once inside the wood cells, it is polymerised and bonded with the wood by heat, creating a softwood with the characteristics of hardwood. The treated wood has improved dimensional stability, controlled moisture content, hardness, stiffness and resistance to insects and decay. It becomes dark brown and, as with thermally modified timber, Kebony used outdoors untreated will develop a silver patina over time. It is used both indoors and outdoors in applications which include decking, cladding, flooring, roofing, windows, doors, furniture and design objects.
Kebony in combination with zinc in exterior applications can lead to discolouration and corrosion of the zinc products. Kebony contains residues of citric acid that slightly lower the pH of leached water. Typically water leached over a Kebony surface will have a pH between 5 and 6. Zinc products are normally not recommended for use where they are exposed to pH lower than 6.